Elongation factor

spinqualitylabelsall models Structure of EF-Tu (cyan and magenta) with EF-Ts (green and yellow) (PDB entry 1efu) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Function Elongation factors (EF) facilitate translational elongation during the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosome. EF-selB is selenocysteine-specific EF. See SelB EF-Tu or EF 1-α (elongation factor thermo unstable) is a prokaryotic EF. EF-Tu contributes to translational accuracy. It catalyzes the addition of aminoacyl tRNA. EF-Ts or EF 1-β (elongation factor thermo stable) catalyzes the release of GDP from EF-Tu. EF-G translocates the peptidyl tRNA from the A site to the P site while moving the mRNA through the ribosome. EF-SII helps RNA polymerase II to bypass blocks to elongation. EF-ELL2 enhances polyadenylation and exon skipping with the gene encoding the immunoglobulin heavy-chain complex. EF-GreA or GreB are cleavage factors allowing the resumption of elongation. EF-NusA recruits translesion DNA polymerases to gaps encountered during translation. EF-P alters the ribosome affinity to aminoacyl-tRNA. EF-1 γ acts during the delivery of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosome. EF-2 promotes the translocation of the nascent protein chain from the A site to the P site on the ribosome. EF-3 is a unique EF in fungi hence it provides an anti-fungal drug target. See HEAT Repeat EF Spt4, Spt5, Spt6 are conserved among eukaryotes. They modulate the chromatin structure. EF-CA150 is believed to play a role in coupling transcription and splicing. Elongin complex or SIII activates elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the enzyme. The complex is composed of elongin A, B and C. Elongin A (EloA) is the active component of the complex. Elongin B and C (EloBC) are the regulatory subunits of it. Von Hippel-Landau tumor suppressor protein (VHL) binds to EloBC and inhibits transcriptional elongation. Complex EF-Tu with EF-Ts is heterotetramer, or, more exactly heterodimer of homodimers (PDB entry 1efu). 3D structures of elongation factor Elongation factor 3D structures

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