| Structural highlights
5uiw is a 2 chain structure with sequence from "bacillus_pasteurianus"_(winogradsky_1895)_lehmann_and_neumann_1907 "bacillus pasteurianus" (winogradsky 1895) lehmann and neumann 1907 and Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | OLA, OLC, ZN |
| NonStd Res: | PCA |
| Gene: | CCR5, CMKBR5 ("Bacillus pasteurianus" (Winogradsky 1895) Lehmann and Neumann 1907), CCL5, D17S136E, SCYA5 (HUMAN) |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
[CCR5_HUMAN] Genetic variation in CCR5 is associated with susceptibility to diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 22 (IDDM22) [MIM:612522]. A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical features are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.[1]
Function
[CCR5_HUMAN] Receptor for a number of inflammatory CC-chemokines including MIP-1-alpha, MIP-1-beta and RANTES and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion level. May play a role in the control of granulocytic lineage proliferation or differentiation. Acts as a coreceptor (CD4 being the primary receptor) for HIV-1 R5 isolates.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [CCL5_HUMAN] Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. Binds to CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The second processed form RANTES(4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES(1-68) and RANTES(3-68) and is generated by an unidentified enzyme associated with monocytes and neutrophils.[8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
CCR5 is the primary chemokine receptor utilized by HIV to infect leukocytes, whereas CCR5 ligands inhibit infection by blocking CCR5 engagement with HIV gp120. To guide the design of improved therapeutics, we solved the structure of CCR5 in complex with chemokine antagonist [5P7]CCL5. Several structural features appeared to contribute to the anti-HIV potency of [5P7]CCL5, including the distinct chemokine orientation relative to the receptor, the near-complete occupancy of the receptor binding pocket, the dense network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the similarity of binding determinants with the FDA-approved HIV inhibitor Maraviroc. Molecular modeling indicated that HIV gp120 mimicked the chemokine interaction with CCR5, providing an explanation for the ability of CCR5 to recognize diverse ligands and gp120 variants. Our findings reveal that structural plasticity facilitates receptor-chemokine specificity and enables exploitation by HIV, and provide insight into the design of small molecule and protein inhibitors for HIV and other CCR5-mediated diseases.
Structure of CC Chemokine Receptor 5 with a Potent Chemokine Antagonist Reveals Mechanisms of Chemokine Recognition and Molecular Mimicry by HIV.,Zheng Y, Han GW, Abagyan R, Wu B, Stevens RC, Cherezov V, Kufareva I, Handel TM Immunity. 2017 Jun 20;46(6):1005-1017.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.05.002. PMID:28636951[13]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Smyth DJ, Plagnol V, Walker NM, Cooper JD, Downes K, Yang JH, Howson JM, Stevens H, McManus R, Wijmenga C, Heap GA, Dubois PC, Clayton DG, Hunt KA, van Heel DA, Todd JA. Shared and distinct genetic variants in type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. N Engl J Med. 2008 Dec 25;359(26):2767-77. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807917. Epub 2008 , Dec 10. PMID:19073967 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0807917
- ↑ Samson M, Labbe O, Mollereau C, Vassart G, Parmentier M. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a new human CC-chemokine receptor gene. Biochemistry. 1996 Mar 19;35(11):3362-7. PMID:8639485 doi:10.1021/bi952950g
- ↑ Raport CJ, Gosling J, Schweickart VL, Gray PW, Charo IF. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel human CC chemokine receptor (CCR5) for RANTES, MIP-1beta, and MIP-1alpha. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 19;271(29):17161-6. PMID:8663314
- ↑ Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, Tiffany HL, Murphy PM. Cloning and functional expression of CC CKR5, a human monocyte CC chemokine receptor selective for MIP-1(alpha), MIP-1(beta), and RANTES. J Leukoc Biol. 1996 Jul;60(1):147-52. PMID:8699119
- ↑ Deng H, Liu R, Ellmeier W, Choe S, Unutmaz D, Burkhart M, Di Marzio P, Marmon S, Sutton RE, Hill CM, Davis CB, Peiper SC, Schall TJ, Littman DR, Landau NR. Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature. 1996 Jun 20;381(6584):661-6. PMID:8649511 doi:10.1038/381661a0
- ↑ Dragic T, Litwin V, Allaway GP, Martin SR, Huang Y, Nagashima KA, Cayanan C, Maddon PJ, Koup RA, Moore JP, Paxton WA. HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature. 1996 Jun 20;381(6584):667-73. PMID:8649512 doi:10.1038/381667a0
- ↑ Blanpain C, Wittamer V, Vanderwinden JM, Boom A, Renneboog B, Lee B, Le Poul E, El Asmar L, Govaerts C, Vassart G, Doms RW, Parmentier M. Palmitoylation of CCR5 is critical for receptor trafficking and efficient activation of intracellular signaling pathways. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 29;276(26):23795-804. Epub 2001 Apr 25. PMID:11323418 doi:10.1074/jbc.M100583200
- ↑ Capoulade-Metay C, Ayouba A, Kfutwah A, Lole K, Petres S, Dudoit Y, Deterre P, Menu E, Barre-Sinoussi F, Debre P, Theodorou I. A natural CCL5/RANTES variant antagonist for CCR1 and CCR3. Immunogenetics. 2006 Jul;58(7):533-41. Epub 2006 Jun 22. PMID:16791620 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-006-0133-2
- ↑ Kameyoshi Y, Dorschner A, Mallet AI, Christophers E, Schroder JM. Cytokine RANTES released by thrombin-stimulated platelets is a potent attractant for human eosinophils. J Exp Med. 1992 Aug 1;176(2):587-92. PMID:1380064
- ↑ Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P. Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1811-5. PMID:8525373
- ↑ Proost P, De Meester I, Schols D, Struyf S, Lambeir AM, Wuyts A, Opdenakker G, De Clercq E, Scharpe S, Van Damme J. Amino-terminal truncation of chemokines by CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV. Conversion of RANTES into a potent inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis and HIV-1-infection. J Biol Chem. 1998 Mar 27;273(13):7222-7. PMID:9516414
- ↑ Lim JK, Burns JM, Lu W, DeVico AL. Multiple pathways of amino terminal processing produce two truncated variants of RANTES/CCL5. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Aug;78(2):442-52. Epub 2005 May 27. PMID:15923218 doi:https://dx.doi.org/jlb.0305161
- ↑ Zheng Y, Han GW, Abagyan R, Wu B, Stevens RC, Cherezov V, Kufareva I, Handel TM. Structure of CC Chemokine Receptor 5 with a Potent Chemokine Antagonist Reveals Mechanisms of Chemokine Recognition and Molecular Mimicry by HIV. Immunity. 2017 Jun 20;46(6):1005-1017.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.05.002. PMID:28636951 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.05.002
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