6uwy | pdb_00006uwy
DYRK1A bound to a harmine derivative
Structural highlights
Disease[DYR1A_HUMAN] Defects in DYRK1A are the cause of mental retardation autosomal dominant type 7 (MRD7) [MIM:614104]. A disease characterized by primary microcephaly, severe mental retardation without speech, anxious autistic behavior, and dysmorphic features, including bitemporal narrowing, deep-set eyes, large simple ears, and a pointed nasal tip. Mental retardation is characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptative behavior and manifested during the developmental period.[1] Function[DYR1A_HUMAN] May play a role in a signaling pathway regulating nuclear functions of cell proliferation. Phosphorylates serine, threonine and tyrosine residues in its sequence and in exogenous substrates.[2] Publication Abstract from PubMedRecently, our group identified that harmine is able to induce beta-cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, mediated via the DYRK1A-NFAT pathway. Since, harmine suffers from lack of selectivity, both against other kinases and CNS off-targets, therefore, we sought to expand structure-activity relationships for harmine's DYRK1A activity, to enhance selectivity for off-targets, while retaining human beta-cell proliferation activity. We carried out optimization of the 9-N-position of harmine to synthesize 29 harmine-based analogs. Several novel inhibitors showed excellent DYRK1A inhibition and human beta-cell proliferation capability. An optimized DYRK1A inhibitor, 2-2c, was identified as a novel, efficacious in vivo lead candidate. 2-2c also demonstrates improved selectivity for kinases and CNS off-targets, as well as in vivo efficacy for beta-cell proliferation and regeneration at lower doses than harmine. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that 2-2c is a much-improved in vivo lead candidate as compared to harmine, for the treatment of diabetes. Synthesis and Biological Validation of a Harmine-based, Central Nervous System (CNS)-Avoidant, Selective, Human beta-Cell Regenerative Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase A (DYRK1A) Inhibitor.,Kumar K, Wang P, Wilson J, Zlatanic V, Berrouet C, Khamrui S, Secor C, Swartz E, Lazarus MB, Sanchez R, Stewart AF, Garcia-Ocana A, DeVita RJ J Med Chem. 2020 Jan 31. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01379. PMID:32003560[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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