2p2i | pdb_00002p2i

Crystal structure of the VEGFR2 kinase domain in complex with a nicotinamide inhibitor

spinqualitylabelsall models 2p2i, resolution 2.40Å Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural highlights 2p2i is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance. Ligands: 608 NonStd Res: PTR Related: 2p2h Gene: KDR, FLK1 (HUMAN) Activity: Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, with EC number 2.7.10.1 Resources: FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT Disease [VGFR2_HUMAN] Defects in KDR are associated with susceptibility to hemangioma capillary infantile (HCI) [MIM:602089]. HCI are benign, highly proliferative lesions involving aberrant localized growth of capillary endothelium. They are the most common tumor of infancy, occurring in up to 10% of all births. Hemangiomas tend to appear shortly after birth and show rapid neonatal growth for up to 12 months characterized by endothelial hypercellularity and increased numbers of mast cells. This phase is followed by slow involution at a rate of about 10% per year and replacement by fibrofatty stroma. Note=Plays a major role in tumor angiogenesis. In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. Function [VGFR2_HUMAN] Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD. Plays an essential role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular permeability, and embryonic hematopoiesis. Promotes proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Isoforms lacking a transmembrane domain, such as isoform 2 and isoform 3, may function as decoy receptors for VEGFA, VEGFC and/or VEGFD. Isoform 2 plays an important role as negative regulator of VEGFA- and VEGFC-mediated lymphangiogenesis by limiting the amount of free VEGFA and/or VEGFC and preventing their binding to FLT4. Modulates FLT1 and FLT4 signaling by forming heterodimers. Binding of vascular growth factors to isoform 1 leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the activation of protein kinase C. Mediates activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Mediates phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and activation of PTK2/FAK1. Required for VEGFA-mediated induction of NOS2 and NOS3, leading to the production of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells. Phosphorylates PLCG1. Promotes phosphorylation of FYN, NCK1, NOS3, PIK3R1, PTK2/FAK1 and SRC. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMed Inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising and clinically validated approach for limiting tumor growth and survival. The receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2 is expressed almost exclusively in the vascular endothelium and is required for developmental angiogenesis and vessel maturation. However, the significance of Tie-2 signaling in tumor angiogenesis is not well understood. In order to evaluate the therapeutic utility of inhibiting Tie-2 signaling, we developed a series of potent and orally bioavailable small molecule Tie-2 kinase inhibitors with selectivity over other kinases, especially those that are believed to be important for tumor angiogenesis. Our earlier work provided pyridinyl pyrimidine 6 as a potent, nonselective Tie-2 inhibitor that was designed on the basis of X-ray cocrystal structures of KDR inhibitors 34 (triazine) and 35 (nicotinamide). Lead optimization resulted in pyridinyl triazine 63, which exhibited >30-fold selectivity over a panel of kinases, good oral exposure, and in vivo inhibition of Tie-2 phosphorylation. Evolution of a highly selective and potent 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine Tie-2 kinase inhibitor.,Hodous BL, Geuns-Meyer SD, Hughes PE, Albrecht BK, Bellon S, Bready J, Caenepeel S, Cee VJ, Chaffee SC, Coxon A, Emery M, Fretland J, Gallant P, Gu Y, Hoffman D, Johnson RE, Kendall R, Kim JL, Long AM, Morrison M, Olivieri PR, Patel VF, Polverino A, Rose P, Tempest P, Wang L, Whittington DA, Zhao H J Med Chem. 2007 Feb 22;50(4):611-26. Epub 2007 Jan 25. PMID:17253678 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See Also 3D structures of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

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