Structural highlights
Function[PTC1_MOUSE] Acts as a receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), indian hedgehog (IHH) and desert hedgehog (DHH). Associates with the smoothened protein (SMO) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Seems to have a tumor suppressor function, as inactivation of this protein is probably a necessary, if not sufficient step for tumorigenesis.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe 12-transmembrane protein Patched (Ptc1) acts as a suppressor for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by depleting sterols in the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet that are required for the activation of downstream regulators. The positive modulator Hh inhibits Ptc1's transporter function by binding to Ptc1 and its co-receptors, which are locally concentrated in invaginated microdomains known as caveolae. Here, we reconstitute the mouse Ptc1 into lipid nanodiscs and determine its structure using single-particle cryoelectron microscopy. The structure is overall similar to those in amphipol and detergents but displays various conformational differences in the transmembrane region. Although most particles show monomers, we observe Ptc1 dimers with distinct interaction patterns and different membrane curvatures, some of which are reminiscent of caveolae. We find that an extramembranous "hand-shake" region rich in hydrophobic and aromatic residues mediates inter-Ptc1 interactions under different membrane curvatures. Our data provide a plausible framework for Ptc1 clustering in the highly curved caveolae. Cryo-EM study of patched in lipid nanodisc suggests a structural basis for its clustering in caveolae.,Luo Y, Wan G, Zhang X, Zhou X, Wang Q, Fan J, Cai H, Ma L, Wu H, Qu Q, Cong Y, Zhao Y, Li D Structure. 2021 Jun 22. pii: S0969-2126(21)00208-2. doi:, 10.1016/j.str.2021.06.004. PMID:34174188[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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