Structural highlights
Function[METY_THEMA] Catalyzes the production of homocysteine from O-acetylhomoserine (OAH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a step in the methionine biosynthesis pathway. Is not able to form cystathionine from O-acetylhomoserine and L-cysteine.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedBacterial methionine biosynthesis can either take place by the trans-sulfurylation route or by direct sulfurylation. The enzymes responsible for trans-sulfurylation have been characterized extensively because they occur in model organisms such as Escherichia coli. However, direct sulfurylation is actually the predominant route for methionine biosynthesis across the phylogenetic tree. In this pathway, most bacteria use an O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase (MetY) to catalyze the formation of homocysteine from O-acetylhomoserine and bisulfide. Despite the widespread distribution of MetY, this pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme remains comparatively understudied. To address this knowledge gap, we have characterized the MetY from Thermotoga maritima (TmMetY). At its optimal temperature of 70 degrees C, TmMetY has a turnover number (apparent kcat = 900 s(-1)) that is 10- to 700-fold higher than the three other MetY enzymes for which data are available. We also present crystal structures of TmMetY in the internal aldimine form and, fortuitously, with a beta,gamma-unsaturated ketimine reaction intermediate. This intermediate is identical to that found in the catalytic cycle of cystathionine gamma-synthase (MetB), which is a homologous enzyme from the trans-sulfurylation pathway. By comparing the TmMetY and MetB structures, we have identified Arg270 as a critical determinant of specificity. It helps to wall off the active site of TmMetY, disfavoring the binding of the first MetB substrate, O-succinylhomoserine. It also ensures a strict specificity for bisulfide as the second substrate of MetY by occluding the larger MetB substrate, cysteine. Overall, this work illuminates the subtle structural mechanisms by which homologous PLP-dependent enzymes can effect different catalytic - and therefore metabolic - outcomes. Structures and kinetics of Thermotoga maritima MetY reveal new insights into the predominant sulfurylation enzyme of bacterial methionine biosynthesis.,Brewster JL, Pachl P, McKellar JLO, Selmer M, Squire CJ, Patrick WM J Biol Chem. 2021 May 18:100797. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100797. PMID:34019879[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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This page was last modified 10:49, 28 July 2021.