1qqg is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
[IRS1_HUMAN] Polymorphisms in IRS1 may be involved in the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) [MIM:125853].[1][2][3][4][5]
Function
[IRS1_HUMAN] May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin. When phosphorylated by the insulin receptor binds specifically to various cellular proteins containing SH2 domains such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 subunit or GRB2. Activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase when bound to the regulatory p85 subunit (By similarity).[6][7]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
We have determined the crystal structure at 2.3-A resolution of an amino-terminal segment of human insulin receptor substrate 1 that encompasses its pleckstrin homology (PH) and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains. Both domains adopt the canonical seven-stranded beta-sandwich PH domain fold. The domains are closely associated, with a 720-A(2) contact surface buried between them that appears to be stabilized by ionic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding interactions. The nonconserved 46-residue linker between the domains is disordered. The PTB domain peptide binding site is fully exposed on the molecular surface, as is a large cationic patch at the base of the PH domain that is a likely binding site for the head groups of phosphatidylinositol phosphates. Binding assays confirm that phosphatidylinositol phosphates bind the PH domain, but not the PTB domain. Ligand binding to the PH domain does not alter PTB domain interactions, and vice versa. The structural and accompanying functional data illustrate how the two binding domains might act cooperatively to effectively increase local insulin receptor substrate 1 concentration at the membrane and transiently fix the receptor and substrate, to allow multiple phosphorylation reactions to occur during each union.
Crystal structure of the pleckstrin homology-phosphotyrosine binding (PH-PTB) targeting region of insulin receptor substrate 1.,Dhe-Paganon S, Ottinger EA, Nolte RT, Eck MJ, Shoelson SE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 20;96(15):8378-83. PMID:10411883[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
↑Federici M, Pandolfi A, De Filippis EA, Pellegrini G, Menghini R, Lauro D, Cardellini M, Romano M, Sesti G, Lauro R, Consoli A. G972R IRS-1 variant impairs insulin regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cultured human endothelial cells. Circulation. 2004 Jan 27;109(3):399-405. Epub 2004 Jan 5. PMID:14707024 doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000109498.77895.6F
↑Mammarella S, Creati B, Esposito DL, Arcuri P, Della Loggia F, Capani F, Mariani-Costantini R, Caramia FG, Battista P, Cama A. Novel allele of the insulin receptor substrate-1 bearing two non-conservative amino acid substitutions in a patient with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Mutations in brief no. 130. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(5):411. PMID:10206679 doi:<411::AID-HUMU11>3.0.CO;2-2 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)11:5<411::AID-HUMU11>3.0.CO;2-2
↑Marini MA, Frontoni S, Mineo D, Bracaglia D, Cardellini M, De Nicolais P, Baroni A, D'Alfonso R, Perna M, Lauro D, Federici M, Gambardella S, Lauro R, Sesti G. The Arg972 variant in insulin receptor substrate-1 is associated with an atherogenic profile in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jul;88(7):3368-71. PMID:12843189
↑McGettrick AJ, Feener EP, Kahn CR. Human insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) polymorphism G972R causes IRS-1 to associate with the insulin receptor and inhibit receptor autophosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 25;280(8):6441-6. Epub 2004 Dec 7. PMID:15590636 doi:10.1074/jbc.M412300200
↑Kuo AH, Stoica GE, Riegel AT, Wellstein A. Recruitment of insulin receptor substrate-1 and activation of NF-kappaB essential for midkine growth signaling through anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Oncogene. 2007 Feb 8;26(6):859-69. Epub 2006 Jul 31. PMID:16878150 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209840
↑Federici M, Pandolfi A, De Filippis EA, Pellegrini G, Menghini R, Lauro D, Cardellini M, Romano M, Sesti G, Lauro R, Consoli A. G972R IRS-1 variant impairs insulin regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cultured human endothelial cells. Circulation. 2004 Jan 27;109(3):399-405. Epub 2004 Jan 5. PMID:14707024 doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000109498.77895.6F
↑Dhe-Paganon S, Ottinger EA, Nolte RT, Eck MJ, Shoelson SE. Crystal structure of the pleckstrin homology-phosphotyrosine binding (PH-PTB) targeting region of insulin receptor substrate 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 20;96(15):8378-83. PMID:10411883
