Structural highlights
Function[NUCG_CAEEL] Endonuclease important for programmed cell death; it mediates apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Publication Abstract from PubMedEndonuclease G (EndoG) is a mitochondrial protein that traverses to the nucleus and participates in chromosomal DNA degradation during apoptosis in yeast, worms, flies, and mammals. However, it remains unclear how EndoG binds and digests DNA. Here we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans CPS-6, a homolog of EndoG, is a homodimeric Mg(2+)-dependent nuclease, binding preferentially to G-tract DNA in the optimum low salt buffer at pH 7. The crystal structure of CPS-6 was determined at 1.8 A resolution, revealing a mixed alphabeta topology with the two betabetaalpha-metal finger nuclease motifs located distantly at the two sides of the dimeric enzyme. A structural model of the CPS-6-DNA complex suggested a positively charged DNA-binding groove near the Mg(2+)-bound active site. Mutations of four aromatic and basic residues: Phe(122), Arg(146), Arg(156), and Phe(166), in the protein-DNA interface significantly reduced the DNA binding and cleavage activity of CPS-6, confirming that these residues are critical for CPS-6-DNA interactions. In vivo transformation rescue experiments further showed that the reduced DNase activity of CPS-6 mutants was positively correlated with its diminished cell killing activity in C. elegans. Taken together, these biochemical, structural, mutagenesis, and in vivo data reveal a molecular basis of how CPS-6 binds and hydrolyzes DNA to promote cell death. Structural insights into apoptotic DNA degradation by CED-3 protease suppressor-6 (CPS-6) from Caenorhabditis elegans.,Lin JL, Nakagawa A, Lin CL, Hsiao YY, Yang WZ, Wang YT, Doudeva LG, Skeen-Gaar RR, Xue D, Yuan HS J Biol Chem. 2012 Mar 2;287(10):7110-20. Epub 2012 Jan 5. PMID:22223640[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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