| Structural highlights
Disease
[SOS1_HUMAN] Defects in SOS1 are the cause of gingival fibromatosis 1 (GGF1) [MIM:135300]; also known as GINGF1. Gingival fibromatosis is a rare overgrowth condition characterized by a benign, slowly progressive, nonhemorrhagic, fibrous enlargement of maxillary and mandibular keratinized gingiva. GGF1 is usually transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, although sporadic cases are common.[1] Defects in SOS1 are the cause of Noonan syndrome type 4 (NS4) [MIM:610733]. NS4 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, short stature, hypertelorism, cardiac anomalies, deafness, motor delay, and a bleeding diathesis. It is a genetically heterogeneous and relatively common syndrome, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 1000-2500 live births. Rarely, NS4 is associated with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). SOS1 mutations engender a high prevalence of pulmonary valve disease; atrial septal defects are less common.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Function
[SOS1_HUMAN] Promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
SOS1 is one of the major guanine nucleotide exchange factors that regulates the ability of KRAS to cycle through its "on" and "off" states. Disrupting the SOS1:KRAS(G12C) protein-protein interaction (PPI) can increase the proportion of GDP-loaded KRAS(G12C), providing a strong mechanistic rationale for combining inhibitors of the SOS1:KRAS complex with inhibitors like MRTX849 that target GDP-loaded KRAS(G12C). In this report, we detail the design and discovery of MRTX0902 horizontal line a potent, selective, brain-penetrant, and orally bioavailable SOS1 binder that disrupts the SOS1:KRAS(G12C) PPI. Oral administration of MRTX0902 in combination with MRTX849 results in a significant increase in antitumor activity relative to that of either single agent, including tumor regressions in a subset of animals in the MIA PaCa-2 tumor mouse xenograft model.
Design and Discovery of MRTX0902, a Potent, Selective, Brain-Penetrant, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of the SOS1:KRAS Protein-Protein Interaction.,Ketcham JM, Haling J, Khare S, Bowcut V, Briere DM, Burns AC, Gunn RJ, Ivetac A, Kuehler J, Kulyk S, Laguer J, Lawson JD, Moya K, Nguyen N, Rahbaek L, Saechao B, Smith CR, Sudhakar N, Thomas NC, Vegar L, Vanderpool D, Wang X, Yan L, Olson P, Christensen JG, Marx MA J Med Chem. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00741. PMID:35833726[10]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Hart TC, Zhang Y, Gorry MC, Hart PS, Cooper M, Marazita ML, Marks JM, Cortelli JR, Pallos D. A mutation in the SOS1 gene causes hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Apr;70(4):943-54. Epub 2002 Feb 26. PMID:11868160 doi:S0002-9297(07)60301-2
- ↑ Roberts AE, Araki T, Swanson KD, Montgomery KT, Schiripo TA, Joshi VA, Li L, Yassin Y, Tamburino AM, Neel BG, Kucherlapati RS. Germline gain-of-function mutations in SOS1 cause Noonan syndrome. Nat Genet. 2007 Jan;39(1):70-4. Epub 2006 Dec 3. PMID:17143285 doi:ng1926
- ↑ Tartaglia M, Pennacchio LA, Zhao C, Yadav KK, Fodale V, Sarkozy A, Pandit B, Oishi K, Martinelli S, Schackwitz W, Ustaszewska A, Martin J, Bristow J, Carta C, Lepri F, Neri C, Vasta I, Gibson K, Curry CJ, Siguero JP, Digilio MC, Zampino G, Dallapiccola B, Bar-Sagi D, Gelb BD. Gain-of-function SOS1 mutations cause a distinctive form of Noonan syndrome. Nat Genet. 2007 Jan;39(1):75-9. Epub 2006 Dec 13. PMID:17143282 doi:10.1038/ng1939
- ↑ Ko JM, Kim JM, Kim GH, Yoo HW. PTPN11, SOS1, KRAS, and RAF1 gene analysis, and genotype-phenotype correlation in Korean patients with Noonan syndrome. J Hum Genet. 2008;53(11-12):999-1006. doi: 10.1007/s10038-008-0343-6. Epub 2008, Nov 20. PMID:19020799 doi:10.1007/s10038-008-0343-6
- ↑ Hanna N, Parfait B, Talaat IM, Vidaud M, Elsedfy HH. SOS1: a new player in the Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome. Clin Genet. 2009 Jun;75(6):568-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01149.x. Epub, 2009 May 5. PMID:19438935 doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01149.x
- ↑ Longoni M, Moncini S, Cisternino M, Morella IM, Ferraiuolo S, Russo S, Mannarino S, Brazzelli V, Coi P, Zippel R, Venturin M, Riva P. Noonan syndrome associated with both a new Jnk-activating familial SOS1 and a de novo RAF1 mutations. Am J Med Genet A. 2010 Sep;152A(9):2176-84. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33564. PMID:20683980 doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.33564
- ↑ Fabretto A, Kutsche K, Harmsen MB, Demarini S, Gasparini P, Fertz MC, Zenker M. Two cases of Noonan syndrome with severe respiratory and gastroenteral involvement and the SOS1 mutation F623I. Eur J Med Genet. 2010 Sep-Oct;53(5):322-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.07.011. Epub , 2010 Jul 29. PMID:20673819 doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.07.011
- ↑ Denayer E, Devriendt K, de Ravel T, Van Buggenhout G, Smeets E, Francois I, Sznajer Y, Craen M, Leventopoulos G, Mutesa L, Vandecasseye W, Massa G, Kayserili H, Sciot R, Fryns JP, Legius E. Tumor spectrum in children with Noonan syndrome and SOS1 or RAF1 mutations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2010 Mar;49(3):242-52. doi: 10.1002/gcc.20735. PMID:19953625 doi:10.1002/gcc.20735
- ↑ Lepri F, De Luca A, Stella L, Rossi C, Baldassarre G, Pantaleoni F, Cordeddu V, Williams BJ, Dentici ML, Caputo V, Venanzi S, Bonaguro M, Kavamura I, Faienza MF, Pilotta A, Stanzial F, Faravelli F, Gabrielli O, Marino B, Neri G, Silengo MC, Ferrero GB, Torrrente I, Selicorni A, Mazzanti L, Digilio MC, Zampino G, Dallapiccola B, Gelb BD, Tartaglia M. SOS1 mutations in Noonan syndrome: molecular spectrum, structural insights on pathogenic effects, and genotype-phenotype correlations. Hum Mutat. 2011 Jul;32(7):760-72. doi: 10.1002/humu.21492. Epub 2011 Apr 28. PMID:21387466 doi:10.1002/humu.21492
- ↑ Ketcham JM, Haling J, Khare S, Bowcut V, Briere DM, Burns AC, Gunn RJ, Ivetac A, Kuehler J, Kulyk S, Laguer J, Lawson JD, Moya K, Nguyen N, Rahbaek L, Saechao B, Smith CR, Sudhakar N, Thomas NC, Vegar L, Vanderpool D, Wang X, Yan L, Olson P, Christensen JG, Marx MA. Design and Discovery of MRTX0902, a Potent, Selective, Brain-Penetrant, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of the SOS1:KRAS Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00741. PMID:35833726 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00741
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