| Structural highlights
Function
[EDS1C_ARATH] Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector-triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation (PubMed:22158819). Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling (PubMed:19578402). Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid (PubMed:11574472). Nuclear localization is essential for basal and TNL-conditioned immunity and for reprogramming defense gene expression, while cytoplasmic EDS1 is required to induce a complete immune response (PubMed:20617163). Heterodimerization with PAD4 and/or SGA101 is necessary for TNL-mediated effector-triggered immunity (PubMed:24331460). Contributes to nonhost resistance against E.amylovora (PubMed:22316300). Loss of EDS1-PAD4 interaction compromises basal but not TNL-triggered resistance (PubMed:21434927). Necessary for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal generation and perception (PubMed:24755512). Has no direct lipase activity (PubMed:16040633). Putative lipase activity is dispensable for immune functions (PubMed:24331460).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Plant pathogen-activated immune signaling by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors with an N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain converges on Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) and its direct partners, Phytoalexin Deficient 4 (PAD4) or Senescence-Associated Gene 101 (SAG101). TIR-encoded nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrolase (NADase) produces signaling molecules to promote exclusive EDS1-PAD4 and EDS1-SAG101 interactions with helper NLR subclasses. In this work, we show that TIR-containing proteins catalyze adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ADP ribose (ADPR) through ADPR polymerase-like and NADase activity, forming ADP-ribosylated ATP (ADPr-ATP) and ADPr-ADPR (di-ADPR), respectively. Specific binding of ADPr-ATP or di-ADPR allosterically promotes EDS1-SAG101 interaction with helper NLR N requirement gene 1A (NRG1A) in vitro and in planta. Our data reveal an enzymatic activity of TIRs that enables specific activation of the EDS1-SAG101-NRG1 immunity branch.
TIR-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation reactions produce signaling molecules for plant immunity.,Jia A, Huang S, Song W, Wang J, Meng Y, Sun Y, Xu L, Laessle H, Jirschitzka J, Hou J, Zhang T, Yu W, Hessler G, Li E, Ma S, Yu D, Gebauer J, Baumann U, Liu X, Han Z, Chang J, Parker JE, Chai J Science. 2022 Jul 29;377(6605):eabq8180. doi: 10.1126/science.abq8180. Epub 2022 , Jul 29. PMID:35857644[10]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Falk A, Feys BJ, Frost LN, Jones JD, Daniels MJ, Parker JE. EDS1, an essential component of R gene-mediated disease resistance in Arabidopsis has homology to eukaryotic lipases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 16;96(6):3292-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.6.3292. PMID:10077677 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.6.3292
- ↑ Feys BJ, Moisan LJ, Newman MA, Parker JE. Direct interaction between the Arabidopsis disease resistance signaling proteins, EDS1 and PAD4. EMBO J. 2001 Oct 1;20(19):5400-11. doi: 10.1093/emboj/20.19.5400. PMID:11574472 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.19.5400
- ↑ Venugopal SC, Jeong RD, Mandal MK, Zhu S, Chandra-Shekara AC, Xia Y, Hersh M, Stromberg AJ, Navarre D, Kachroo A, Kachroo P. Enhanced disease susceptibility 1 and salicylic acid act redundantly to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. PLoS Genet. 2009 Jul;5(7):e1000545. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000545. Epub 2009 , Jul 3. PMID:19578402 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000545
- ↑ Garcia AV, Blanvillain-Baufume S, Huibers RP, Wiermer M, Li G, Gobbato E, Rietz S, Parker JE. Balanced nuclear and cytoplasmic activities of EDS1 are required for a complete plant innate immune response. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Jul 1;6:e1000970. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000970. PMID:20617163 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000970
- ↑ Rietz S, Stamm A, Malonek S, Wagner S, Becker D, Medina-Escobar N, Vlot AC, Feys BJ, Niefind K, Parker JE. Different roles of Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 (EDS1) bound to and dissociated from Phytoalexin Deficient4 (PAD4) in Arabidopsis immunity. New Phytol. 2011 Jul;191(1):107-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03675.x. Epub, 2011 Mar 17. PMID:21434927 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03675.x
- ↑ Bhattacharjee S, Halane MK, Kim SH, Gassmann W. Pathogen effectors target Arabidopsis EDS1 and alter its interactions with immune regulators. Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1405-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1211592. PMID:22158819 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1211592
- ↑ Moreau M, Degrave A, Vedel R, Bitton F, Patrit O, Renou JP, Barny MA, Fagard M. EDS1 contributes to nonhost resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against Erwinia amylovora. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2012 Mar;25(3):421-30. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-05-11-0111. PMID:22316300 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-05-11-0111
- ↑ Breitenbach HH, Wenig M, Wittek F, Jorda L, Maldonado-Alconada AM, Sarioglu H, Colby T, Knappe C, Bichlmeier M, Pabst E, Mackey D, Parker JE, Vlot AC. Contrasting Roles of the Apoplastic Aspartyl Protease APOPLASTIC, ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1-DEPENDENT1 and LEGUME LECTIN-LIKE PROTEIN1 in Arabidopsis Systemic Acquired Resistance. Plant Physiol. 2014 Jun;165(2):791-809. doi: 10.1104/pp.114.239665. Epub 2014 Apr, 22. PMID:24755512 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.239665
- ↑ Feys BJ, Wiermer M, Bhat RA, Moisan LJ, Medina-Escobar N, Neu C, Cabral A, Parker JE. Arabidopsis SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE101 stabilizes and signals within an ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 complex in plant innate immunity. Plant Cell. 2005 Sep;17(9):2601-13. Epub 2005 Jul 22. PMID:16040633 doi:https://dx.doi.org/tpc.105.033910
- ↑ Jia A, Huang S, Song W, Wang J, Meng Y, Sun Y, Xu L, Laessle H, Jirschitzka J, Hou J, Zhang T, Yu W, Hessler G, Li E, Ma S, Yu D, Gebauer J, Baumann U, Liu X, Han Z, Chang J, Parker JE, Chai J. TIR-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation reactions produce signaling molecules for plant immunity. Science. 2022 Jul 29;377(6605):eabq8180. doi: 10.1126/science.abq8180. Epub 2022 , Jul 29. PMID:35857644 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq8180
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