4kzo | pdb_00004kzo
Crystal Structure Analysis of human IDH1 mutants in complex with NADP+ and Ca2+/alpha-Ketoglutarate
Structural highlights
DiseaseIDHC_HUMAN Defects in IDH1 are involved in the development of glioma (GLM) [MIM:137800. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Mutations affecting Arg-132 are tissue-specific, and suggest that this residue plays a unique role in the development of high-grade gliomas. Mutations of Arg-132 to Cys, His, Leu or Ser abolish magnesium binding and abolish the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate. Instead, alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to R(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate. Elevated levels of R(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate are correlated with an elevated risk of malignant brain tumors. FunctionPublication Abstract from PubMedThe human, cytosolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) reversibly converts isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG). Cancer-associated somatic mutations in IDH1 result in a loss of this normal function but a gain in a new or neomorphic ability to convert alphaKG to the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). To improve our understanding of the basis for this phenomenon, we have conducted a detailed kinetic study of wild-type IDH1 as well as the known 2HG-producing clinical R132H and G97D mutants and mechanistic Y139D and (newly described) G97N mutants. In the reductive direction of the normal reaction (alphaKG to isocitrate), dead-end inhibition studies suggest that wild-type IDH1 goes through a random sequential mechanism, similar to previous reports on related mammalian IDH enzymes. However, analogous experiments studying the reductive neomorphic reaction (alphaKG to 2HG) with the mutant forms of IDH1 are more consistent with an ordered sequential mechanism, with NADPH binding before alphaKG. This result was further confirmed by primary kinetic isotope effects for which saturating with alphaKG greatly reduced the observed isotope effect on (D)(V/K)NADPH. For the mutant IDH1 enzyme, the change in mechanism was consistently associated with reduced efficiencies in the use of alphaKG as a substrate and enhanced efficiencies using NADPH as a substrate. We propose that the sum of these kinetic changes allows the mutant IDH1 enzymes to reductively trap alphaKG directly into 2HG, rather than allowing it to react with carbon dioxide and form isocitrate, as occurs in the wild-type enzyme. Mutant IDH1 Enhances the Production of 2-Hydroxyglutarate Due to Its Kinetic Mechanism.,Rendina AR, Pietrak B, Smallwood A, Zhao H, Qi H, Quinn C, Adams ND, Concha N, Duraiswami C, Thrall SH, Sweitzer S, Schwartz B Biochemistry. 2013 Jul 2;52(26):4563-77. doi: 10.1021/bi400514k. Epub 2013 Jun, 21. PMID:23731180[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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