| Structural highlights
7tpd is a 8 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | BMA, CA, IR7, MG, NAG, SO4 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
ITA2B_HUMAN Defects in ITGA2B are a cause of Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) [MIM:273800; also known as thrombasthenia of Glanzmann and Naegeli. GT is the most common inherited disease of platelets. It is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding of mild-to-moderate severity and the inability of this integrin to recognize macromolecular or synthetic peptide ligands. GT has been classified clinically into types I and II. In type I, platelets show absence of the glycoprotein IIb/beta-3 complexes at their surface and lack fibrinogen and clot retraction capability. In type II, the platelets express the glycoprotein IIb/beta-3 complex at reduced levels (5-20% controls), have detectable amounts of fibrinogen, and have low or moderate clot retraction capability. The platelets of GT 'variants' have normal or near normal (60-100%) expression of dysfunctional receptors.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]
Function
ITA2B_HUMAN Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. It recognizes the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. It recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial cell surface.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Integrins are validated drug targets with six approved therapeutics. However, small-molecule inhibitors to three integrins failed in late-stage clinical trials for chronic indications. Such unfavorable outcomes may in part be caused by partial agonism, i.e., the stabilization of the high-affinity, extended-open integrin conformation. Here, we show that the failed, small-molecule inhibitors of integrins alphaIIbbeta3 and alpha4beta1 stabilize the high-affinity conformation. Furthermore, we discovered a simple chemical feature present in multiple alphaIIbbeta3 antagonists that stabilizes integrins in their bent-closed conformation. Closing inhibitors contain a polar nitrogen atom that stabilizes, via hydrogen bonds, a water molecule that intervenes between a serine residue and the metal in the metal-ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). Expulsion of this water is a requisite for transition to the open conformation. This change in metal coordination is general to integrins, suggesting broad applicability of the drug-design principle to the integrin family, as validated with a distantly related integrin, alpha4beta1.
A general chemical principle for creating closure-stabilizing integrin inhibitors.,Lin FY, Li J, Xie Y, Zhu J, Huong Nguyen TT, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Springer TA Cell. 2022 Sep 15;185(19):3533-3550.e27. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.008. PMID:36113427[20]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Poncz M, Rifat S, Coller BS, Newman PJ, Shattil SJ, Parrella T, Fortina P, Bennett JS. Glanzmann thrombasthenia secondary to a Gly273-->Asp mutation adjacent to the first calcium-binding domain of platelet glycoprotein IIb. J Clin Invest. 1994 Jan;93(1):172-9. PMID:8282784 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI116942
- ↑ Wilcox DA, Wautier JL, Pidard D, Newman PJ. A single amino acid substitution flanking the fourth calcium binding domain of alpha IIb prevents maturation of the alpha IIb beta 3 integrin complex. J Biol Chem. 1994 Feb 11;269(6):4450-7. PMID:7508443
- ↑ Wilcox DA, Paddock CM, Lyman S, Gill JC, Newman PJ. Glanzmann thrombasthenia resulting from a single amino acid substitution between the second and third calcium-binding domains of GPIIb. Role of the GPIIb amino terminus in integrin subunit association. J Clin Invest. 1995 Apr;95(4):1553-60. PMID:7706461 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI117828
- ↑ Basani RB, Vilaire G, Shattil SJ, Kolodziej MA, Bennett JS, Poncz M. Glanzmann thrombasthenia due to a two amino acid deletion in the fourth calcium-binding domain of alpha IIb: demonstration of the importance of calcium-binding domains in the conformation of alpha IIb beta 3. Blood. 1996 Jul 1;88(1):167-73. PMID:8704171
- ↑ French DL, Coller BS. Hematologically important mutations: Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 1997;23(1):39-51. PMID:9215749 doi:10.1006/bcmd.1997.0117
- ↑ Grimaldi CM, Chen F, Wu C, Weiss HJ, Coller BS, French DL. Glycoprotein IIb Leu214Pro mutation produces glanzmann thrombasthenia with both quantitative and qualitative abnormalities in GPIIb/IIIa. Blood. 1998 Mar 1;91(5):1562-71. PMID:9473221
- ↑ Tadokoro S, Tomiyama Y, Honda S, Arai M, Yamamoto N, Shiraga M, Kosugi S, Kanakura Y, Kurata Y, Matsuzawa Y. A Gln747-->Pro substitution in the IIb subunit is responsible for a moderate IIbbeta3 deficiency in Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Blood. 1998 Oct 15;92(8):2750-8. PMID:9763559
- ↑ Ambo H, Kamata T, Handa M, Kawai Y, Oda A, Murata M, Takada Y, Ikeda Y. Novel point mutations in the alphaIIb subunit (Phe289-->Ser, Glu324-->Lys and Gln747-->Pro) causing thrombasthenic phenotypes in four Japanese patients. Br J Haematol. 1998 Aug;102(3):829-40. PMID:9722314
- ↑ Ruan J, Peyruchaud O, Alberio L, Valles G, Clemetson K, Bourre F, Nurden AT. Double heterozygosity of the GPIIb gene in a Swiss patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Br J Haematol. 1998 Sep;102(4):918-25. PMID:9734640
- ↑ Gonzalez-Manchon C, Fernandez-Pinel M, Arias-Salgado EG, Ferrer M, Alvarez MV, Garcia-Munoz S, Ayuso MS, Parrilla R. Molecular genetic analysis of a compound heterozygote for the glycoprotein (GP) IIb gene associated with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: disruption of the 674-687 disulfide bridge in GPIIb prevents surface exposure of GPIIb-IIIa complexes. Blood. 1999 Feb 1;93(3):866-75. PMID:9920835
- ↑ Basani RB, French DL, Vilaire G, Brown DL, Chen F, Coller BS, Derrick JM, Gartner TK, Bennett JS, Poncz M. A naturally occurring mutation near the amino terminus of alphaIIb defines a new region involved in ligand binding to alphaIIbbeta3. Blood. 2000 Jan 1;95(1):180-8. PMID:10607701
- ↑ Vinciguerra C, Bordet JC, Beaune G, Grenier C, Dechavanne M, Negrier C. Description of 10 new mutations in platelet glycoprotein IIb (alphaIIb) and glycoprotein IIIa (beta3) genes. Platelets. 2001 Dec;12(8):486-95. PMID:11798398 doi:10.1080/095371001317126383
- ↑ Tanaka S, Hayashi T, Hori Y, Terada C, Han KS, Ahn HS, Bourre F, Tani Y. A Leu55 to Pro substitution in the integrin alphaIIb is responsible for a case of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Br J Haematol. 2002 Sep;118(3):833-5. PMID:12181054
- ↑ D'Andrea G, Colaizzo D, Vecchione G, Grandone E, Di Minno G, Margaglione M. Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: identification of 19 new mutations in 30 patients. Thromb Haemost. 2002 Jun;87(6):1034-42. PMID:12083483
- ↑ Mitchell WB, Li JH, Singh F, Michelson AD, Bussel J, Coller BS, French DL. Two novel mutations in the alpha IIb calcium-binding domains identify hydrophobic regions essential for alpha IIbbeta 3 biogenesis. Blood. 2003 Mar 15;101(6):2268-76. Epub 2002 Nov 7. PMID:12424194 doi:10.1182/blood-2002-07-2266
- ↑ Kiyoi T, Tomiyama Y, Honda S, Tadokoro S, Arai M, Kashiwagi H, Kosugi S, Kato H, Kurata Y, Matsuzawa Y. A naturally occurring Tyr143His alpha IIb mutation abolishes alpha IIb beta 3 function for soluble ligands but retains its ability for mediating cell adhesion and clot retraction: comparison with other mutations causing ligand-binding defects. Blood. 2003 May 1;101(9):3485-91. Epub 2002 Dec 27. PMID:12506038 doi:10.1182/blood-2002-07-2144
- ↑ Nurden AT, Breillat C, Jacquelin B, Combrie R, Freedman J, Blanchette VS, Schmugge M, Rand ML. Triple heterozygosity in the integrin alphaIIb subunit in a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. J Thromb Haemost. 2004 May;2(5):813-9. PMID:15099289 doi:10.1046/j.1538-7836.2004.00711.x
- ↑ Rosenberg N, Landau M, Luboshitz J, Rechavi G, Seligsohn U. A novel Phe171Cys mutation in integrin alpha causes Glanzmann thrombasthenia by abrogating alphabeta complex formation. J Thromb Haemost. 2004 Jul;2(7):1167-75. PMID:15219201 doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00758.x
- ↑ Jayo A, Pabon D, Lastres P, Jimenez-Yuste V, Gonzalez-Manchon C. Type II Glanzmann thrombasthenia in a compound heterozygote for the alpha IIb gene. A novel missense mutation in exon 27. Haematologica. 2006 Oct;91(10):1352-9. PMID:17018384
- ↑ Lin FY, Li J, Xie Y, Zhu J, Huong Nguyen TT, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Springer TA. A general chemical principle for creating closure-stabilizing integrin inhibitors. Cell. 2022 Sep 15;185(19):3533-3550.e27. PMID:36113427 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.008
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