2okj | pdb_00002okj
The X-ray crystal structure of the 67kDa isoform of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD67)
Structural highlights
DiseaseDCE1_HUMAN Defects in GAD1 are the cause of cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegic type 1 (CPSQ1) [MIM:603513. A non-progressive disorder of movement and/or posture resulting from defects in the developing central nervous system. Affected individuals manifest symmetrical, non-progressive spasticity and no adverse perinatal history or obvious underlying alternative diagnosis. Developmental delay, mental retardation and sometimes epilepsy can be part of the clinical picture.[1] FunctionDCE1_HUMAN Catalyzes the production of GABA. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized by two isoforms of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67). GAD67 is constitutively active and is responsible for basal GABA production. In contrast, GAD65, an autoantigen in type I diabetes, is transiently activated in response to the demand for extra GABA in neurotransmission, and cycles between an active holo form and an inactive apo form. We have determined the crystal structures of N-terminal truncations of both GAD isoforms. The structure of GAD67 shows a tethered loop covering the active site, providing a catalytic environment that sustains GABA production. In contrast, the same catalytic loop is inherently mobile in GAD65. Kinetic studies suggest that mobility in the catalytic loop promotes a side reaction that results in cofactor release and GAD65 autoinactivation. These data reveal the molecular basis for regulation of GABA homeostasis. GABA production by glutamic acid decarboxylase is regulated by a dynamic catalytic loop.,Fenalti G, Law RH, Buckle AM, Langendorf C, Tuck K, Rosado CJ, Faux NG, Mahmood K, Hampe CS, Banga JP, Wilce M, Schmidberger J, Rossjohn J, El-Kabbani O, Pike RN, Smith AI, Mackay IR, Rowley MJ, Whisstock JC Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Apr;14(4):280-6. Epub 2007 Mar 25. PMID:17384644[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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