2ql2 | pdb_00002ql2
Crystal Structure of the basic-helix-loop-helix domains of the heterodimer E47/NeuroD1 bound to DNA
Structural highlights
FunctionTFE2_MOUSE Transcriptional regulator involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (PubMed:15226298, PubMed:18214987). Heterodimers between TCF3 and tissue-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins play major roles in determining tissue-specific cell fate during embryogenesis, like muscle or early B-cell differentiation (PubMed:18214987). Together with TCF15, required for the mesenchymal to epithelial transition (PubMed:11309385, PubMed:15226298). Dimers bind DNA on E-box motifs: 5'-CANNTG-3' (PubMed:15226298, PubMed:18214987, PubMed:30426815). Binds to the kappa-E2 site in the kappa immunoglobulin gene enhancer (By similarity). Binds to IEB1 and IEB2, which are short DNA sequences in the insulin gene transcription control region (PubMed:2181401).[UniProtKB:P15923][1] [2] [3] [4] Facilitates ATOH7 binding to DNA at the consensus sequence 5'-CAGGTG-3', and positively regulates transcriptional activity.[UniProtKB:P15923] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe ubiquitous class I basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factor E47 forms heterodimers with multiple tissue specific class II bHLH proteins to regulate distinct differentiation pathways. In order to define how class I- class II heterodimer partners are selected, we determined the crystal structure of the E47-NeuroD1-bHLH dimer in complex with the insulin promoter E-box sequence. Purification of the bHLH domain of E47-NeuroD1 indicates that E47 heterodimers are stable in solution. The interactions between E47 and NeuroD1 in the heterodimer are comparable to the interactions between E47 monomers in the homodimer, including hydrogen bonding, buried hydrophobic surface, and packing interactions. This is consistent with a model in which E47-NeuroD1 heterodimers are favored due to the instability of NeuroD1 homodimers. Although E47-NeuroD1 is oriented uniquely on the E-box sequence (CATCTG) within the promoter of the insulin gene, no direct contacts are observed with the central base pairs within this E-box sequence. We propose that concerted domain motions allow E47 to form specific base contacts in solution. NeuroD1 is restrained from adopting the same base contacts by an additional phosphate backbone interaction by the neurogenic-specific residue His115. Orienting E47-NeuroD1 on promoters may foster protein-protein contacts essential to initiate transcription. Crystal structure of E47-NeuroD1/beta2 bHLH domain-DNA complex: heterodimer selectivity and DNA recognition.,Longo A, Guanga GP, Rose RB Biochemistry. 2008 Jan 8;47(1):218-29. Epub 2007 Dec 11. PMID:18069799[5] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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