3gic | pdb_00003gic
Structure of thrombin mutant delta(146-149e) in the free form
Structural highlights
DiseaseTHRB_HUMAN Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:613679. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:601367; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.[13] Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:188050. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:614390. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.[14] FunctionTHRB_HUMAN Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.[15] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedPrevious studies have shown that deletion of nine residues in the autolysis loop of thrombin produces a mutant with an anticoagulant propensity of potential clinical relevance, but the molecular origin of the effect has remained unresolved. The x-ray crystal structure of this mutant solved in the free form at 1.55 A resolution reveals an inactive conformation that is practically identical (root mean square deviation of 0.154 A) to the recently identified E* form. The side chain of Trp(215) collapses into the active site by shifting > 10 A from its position in the active E form, and the oxyanion hole is disrupted by a flip of the Glu(192)-Gly(193) peptide bond. This finding confirms the existence of the inactive form E* in essentially the same incarnation as first identified in the structure of the thrombin mutant D102N. In addition, it demonstrates that the anticoagulant profile often caused by a mutation of the thrombin scaffold finds its likely molecular origin in the stabilization of the inactive E* form that is selectively shifted to the active E form upon thrombomodulin and protein C binding. Stabilization of the E* form turns thrombin into an anticoagulant.,Bah A, Carrell CJ, Chen Z, Gandhi PS, Di Cera E J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 24;284(30):20034-40. Epub 2009 May 27. PMID:19473969[16] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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