5two | pdb_00005two
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand binding domain in complex with a novel selectively PPAR gamma-modulating ligand VSP-51
Structural highlights
DiseasePPARG_HUMAN Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:601665. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.[1] Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:604367. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.[2] [3] Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:137800. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility. FunctionPPARG_HUMAN Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.[4] [5] [6] Publication Abstract from PubMedThiazolidinediones (TZD) function as potent anti-diabetic drugs through their direct action on the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), but their therapeutic benefits are compromised by severe side effects. To address this concern, here we developed a potent "hit" compound, VSP-51, which is a novel selective PPARgamma-modulating ligand with improved therapeutic profiles in vitro compared to the multi-billion dollar TZD drug rosiglitazone (Rosi). Unlike Rosi, VSP-51 is a partial agonist of PPARgamma with improved insulin sensitivity due to its ability to bind PPARgamma with high affinity without stimulating adipocyte differentiation and the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. We have determined the crystal structure of the PPARgamma ligand-binding domain (LBD) in complex with VSP-51, which revealed a unique mode of binding for VSP-51 and provides the molecular basis for the discrimination between VSP-51 from TZDs and other ligands such as telmisartan, SR1663 and SR1664. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that: a) VSP-51 can serve as a promising candidate for anti-diabetic drug discovery; and b) provide a rational basis for the development of future pharmacological agents targeting PPARgamma with advantages over current TZD drugs. Identification of a novel selective PPARgamma ligand with a unique binding mode and improved therapeutic profile in vitro.,Yi W, Shi J, Zhao G, Zhou XE, Suino-Powell K, Melcher K, Xu HE Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 27;7:41487. doi: 10.1038/srep41487. PMID:28128331[7] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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