Structural highlights
DiseaseMC4R_HUMAN Obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. FunctionQ9V2J8_PYRAB MC4R_HUMAN Receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH. Plays a central role in energy homeostasis and somatic growth. This receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase (cAMP).[1] [2] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is involved in energy homeostasis and is an important drug target for syndromic obesity. We report the structure of the antagonist SHU9119-bound human MC4R at 2.8-angstrom resolution. Ca(2+) is identified as a cofactor that is complexed with residues from both the receptor and peptide ligand. Extracellular Ca(2+) increases the affinity and potency of the endogenous agonist alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone at the MC4R by 37- and 600-fold, respectively. The ability of the MC4R crystallized construct to couple to ion channel Kir7.1, while lacking cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulation, highlights a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-independent mechanism for this signaling modality. MC4R is revealed as a structurally divergent G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), with more similarity to lipidic GPCRs than to the homologous peptidic GPCRs. Determination of the melanocortin-4 receptor structure identifies Ca(2+) as a cofactor for ligand binding.,Yu J, Gimenez LE, Hernandez CC, Wu Y, Wein AH, Han GW, McClary K, Mittal SR, Burdsall K, Stauch B, Wu L, Stevens SN, Peisley A, Williams SY, Chen V, Millhauser GL, Zhao S, Cone RD, Stevens RC Science. 2020 Apr 24;368(6489):428-433. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz8995. PMID:32327598[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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