4mec | pdb_00004mec
Crystal structure of RAT Heme oxygenase-1 in complex with ZN(II)-Protoporphyrin IX
Structural highlights
FunctionHMOX1_RAT Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Publication Abstract from PubMedHeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative degradation of heme. Since free heme is toxic to cells, rapid degradation of heme is important for maintaining cellular health. There have been useful mechanistic studies of the HO reaction based on crystal structures; however, how HO-1 recognizes heme is not completely understood because the crystal structure of heme-free rat HO-1 lacks electron densities for A-helix that ligates heme. In this study, we characterized conformational dynamics of HO-1 using NMR to elucidate the mechanism by which HO-1 recognizes heme. NMR relaxation experiments showed that the heme-binding site in heme-free HO-1 fluctuates in concert with a surface-exposed loop and transiently forms a partially unfolded structure. Because the fluctuating loop is located over 17 A distal from the heme-binding site and its conformation is nearly identical among different crystal structures including catalytic intermediate states, the function of the loop has been unexamined. In the course of elucidating its function, we found interesting mutations in this loop that altered activity but caused little change to the conformation. The Phe79Ala mutation in the loop changed the conformational dynamics of the heme-binding site. Furthermore, the heme binding kinetics of the mutant was slower than that of the wild type. Hence, we concluded that the distal loop is involved in the regulation of the conformational change for heme binding through the conformational fluctuations. Similar to other enzymes, HO-1 effectively promotes its function using the identified distal sites, which might be potential targets for protein engineering. Distal regulation of heme binding of heme oxygenase-1 mediated by conformational fluctuations.,Harada E, Sugishima M, Harada J, Fukuyama K, Sugase K Biochemistry. 2015 Jan 20;54(2):340-8. doi: 10.1021/bi5009694. Epub 2014 Dec 26. PMID:25496210[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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