8k4c | pdb_00008k4c
Crystal structure of PDE4D complexed with ethaverine hydrochloride
Structural highlights
DiseasePDE4D_HUMAN Note=Genetic variations in PDE4D might be associated with susceptibility to stroke. PubMed:17006457 states that association with stroke has to be considered with caution. Defects in PDE4D are the cause of acrodysostosis type 2, with or without hormone resistance (ACRDYS2) [MIM:614613. ACRDYS2 is a pleiotropic disorder characterized by skeletal, endocrine, and neurological abnormalities. Skeletal features include brachycephaly, midface hypoplasia with a small upturned nose, brachydactyly, and lumbar spinal stenosis. Endocrine abnormalities include hypothyroidism and hypogonadism in males and irregular menses in females. Developmental disability is a common finding but is variable in severity and can be associated with significant behavioral problems.[1] FunctionPDE4D_HUMAN Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.[2] [3] Publication Abstract from PubMedPhosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and PDE5 responsible for the hydrolysis of intracellular cAMP and cGMP, respectively, are promising targets for therapeutic intervention in a wide variety of diseases. Here, we report the discovery of novel, drug-like PDE4 inhibitors by performing a high-throughput drug repurposing screening of 2560 approved drugs and drug candidates in clinical trial studies. It allowed us to identify eight potent PDE4 inhibitors with IC(50) values ranging from 0.41 to 2.46 muM. Crystal structures of PDE4 in complex with four compounds, namely ethaverine hydrochloride (EH), benzbromarone (BBR), CX-4945, and CVT-313, were further solved to elucidate molecular mechanisms of action of these new inhibitors, providing a solid foundation for optimizing the inhibitors to improve their potency as well as selectivity. Unexpectedly, selectivity profiling of other PDE subfamilies followed by crystal structure determination revealed that CVT-313 was also a potent PDE5 inhibitor with a binding mode similar to that of tadalafil, a marketed PDE5 inhibitor, but distinctively different from the binding mode of CVT-313 with PDE4. Structure-guided modification of CVT-313 led to the discovery of a new inhibitor, compound 2, with significantly improved inhibitory activity as well as selectivity towards PDE5 over PDE4. Together, these results highlight the utility of the drug repurposing in combination with structure-based drug design in identifying novel inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE5, which provides a prime example for efficient discovery of drug-like hits towards a given target protein. Drug repurposing and structure-based discovery of new PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors.,Liu J, Zhang X, Chen G, Shao Q, Zou Y, Li Z, Su H, Li M, Xu Y Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Dec 15;262:115893. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115893. Epub , 2023 Oct 23. PMID:37918035[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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