6tsg | pdb_00006tsg
Crystal structure of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) in complex with TETRAC
Structural highlights
DiseasePPARG_HUMAN Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:601665. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.[1] Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:604367. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.[2] [3] Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:137800. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility. FunctionPPARG_HUMAN Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.[4] [5] [6] Publication Abstract from PubMedThyroid hormones (THs) operate numerous physiological processes through modulation of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptors and several other proteins. We report direct activation of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) by classical and nonclassical THs as another molecular activity of THs. The T4 metabolite TETRAC was the most active TH on PPARgamma with nanomolar potency and binding affinity. We demonstrate that TETRAC promotes PPARgamma/RXR signaling in cell-free, cellular, and in vivo settings. Simultaneous activation of the heterodimer partners PPARgamma and RXR resulted in high dimer activation efficacy. Compared to fatty acids as known natural ligands of PPARgamma and RXR, TETRAC differs markedly in its molecular structure and the PPARgamma-TETRAC complex revealed a distinctive binding mode of the TH. Our observations suggest a potential connection of TH and PPAR signaling through overlapping ligand recognition and may hold implications for TH and PPAR pharmacology. l-Thyroxin and the Nonclassical Thyroid Hormone TETRAC Are Potent Activators of PPARgamma.,Gellrich L, Heitel P, Heering J, Kilu W, Pollinger J, Goebel T, Kahnt A, Arifi S, Pogoda W, Paulke A, Steinhilber D, Proschak E, Wurglics M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Bischoff I, Furst R, Merk D J Med Chem. 2020 Jul 9;63(13):6727-6740. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02150. Epub , 2020 Jun 4. PMID:32356658[7] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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