4v1k | pdb_00004v1k
SeMet structure of a novel carbohydrate binding module from glycoside hydrolase family 9 (Cel9A) from Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1
Structural highlights
FunctionPublication Abstract from PubMedThe breakdown of plant cell wall (PCW) glycans is an important biological and industrial process. Noncatalytic carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) fulfill a critical targeting function in PCW depolymerization. Defining the portfolio of CBMs, the CBMome, of a PCW degrading system is central to understanding the mechanisms by which microbes depolymerize their target substrates. Ruminococcus flavefaciens, a major PCW degrading bacterium, assembles its catalytic apparatus into a large multienzyme complex, the cellulosome. Significantly, bioinformatic analyses of the R. flavefaciens cellulosome failed to identify a CBM predicted to bind to crystalline cellulose, a key feature of the CBMome of other PCW degrading systems. Here, high throughput screening of 177 protein modules of unknown function was used to determine the complete CBMome of R. flavefaciens The data identified six previously unidentified CBM families that targeted beta-glucans, beta-mannans, and the pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan. The crystal structures of four CBMs, in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis, provide insight into the mechanism of ligand recognition. In the CBMs that recognize beta-glucans and beta-mannans, differences in the conformation of conserved aromatic residues had a significant impact on the topology of the ligand binding cleft and thus ligand specificity. A cluster of basic residues in CBM77 confers calcium-independent recognition of homogalacturonan, indicating that the carboxylates of galacturonic acid are key specificity determinants. This report shows that the extended repertoire of proteins in the cellulosome of R. flavefaciens contributes to an extended CBMome that supports efficient PCW degradation in the absence of CBMs that specifically target crystalline cellulose. Complexity of the Ruminococcus flavefaciens cellulosome reflects an expansion in glycan recognition.,Venditto I, Luis AS, Rydahl M, Schuckel J, Fernandes VO, Vidal-Melgosa S, Bule P, Goyal A, Pires VM, Dourado CG, Ferreira LM, Coutinho PM, Henrissat B, Knox JP, Basle A, Najmudin S, Gilbert HJ, Willats WG, Fontes CM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jun 13. pii: 201601558. PMID:27298375[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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