Structural highlights
Publication Abstract from PubMedThe ABCG1 homodimer (G1) and ABCG5-ABCG8 heterodimer (G5G8), two members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family, are required for maintenance of cellular cholesterol levels. G5G8 mediates secretion of neutral sterols into bile and the gut lumen, whereas G1 transports cholesterol from macrophages to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). The mechanisms used by G5G8 and G1 to recognize and export sterols remain unclear. Here, we report cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human G5G8 in sterol-bound and human G1 in cholesterol- and ATP-bound states. Both transporters have a sterol-binding site that is accessible from the cytosolic leaflet. A second site is present midway through the transmembrane domains of G5G8. The Walker A motif of G8 adopts a unique conformation that accounts for the marked asymmetry in ATPase activities between the two nucleotide-binding sites of G5G8. These structures, along with functional validation studies, provide a mechanistic framework for understanding cholesterol efflux via ABC transporters. Molecular basis of cholesterol efflux via ABCG subfamily transporters.,Sun Y, Wang J, Long T, Qi X, Donnelly L, Elghobashi-Meinhardt N, Esparza L, Cohen JC, Xie XS, Hobbs HH, Li X Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Aug 24;118(34). pii: 2110483118. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.2110483118. PMID:34404721[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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