3r4l | pdb_00003r4l
Human very long half life Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor type-1
Structural highlights
DiseasePAI1_HUMAN Defects in SERPINE1 are the cause of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency (PAI-1D) [MIM:613329. It is a hematologic disorder characterized by increased bleeding after trauma, injury, or surgery. Affected females have menorrhagia. The bleeding defect is due to increased fibrinolysis of fibrin blood clots due to deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which inhibits tissue and urinary activators of plasminogen.[1] Note=High concentrations of SERPINE1 seem to contribute to the development of venous but not arterial occlusions. FunctionPAI1_HUMAN Serine protease inhibitor. This inhibitor acts as 'bait' for tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, protein C and matriptase-3/TMPRSS7. Its rapid interaction with PLAT may function as a major control point in the regulation of fibrinolysis.[2] Publication Abstract from PubMedPlasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is a serpin protein, a natural inhibitor of urokinase (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activators (tPA). By inhibiting uPA it can block growth of the cancer tumors by suppressing angiogenesis, while when acting on tPA in the blood it can avert conversion of plasminogen to plasmin preventing lysis of the clot. Furthermore, blocking PAI-1 activity can protect against thrombosis. Thus PAI-1 makes great impact on human homeostasis and is desirable for clinical application. Wild-type PAI-1 (wt-PAI-1) has a short span of activity with a t1/2 of ~2 h, being spontaneously converted into a latent form. An enormous effort has been made to create a more stable molecule with >600 PAI-1 variants constructed to study its structure-function relationship. In the present study, we evaluate the structure of the active recombinant VLHL-PAI-1 (very long half life, active >700 h) which is glycosylated similarly to wt-PAI-1 at N232 and N288, with the extended reactive center loop, intact engineered -S-S-bridge (Q174C, G323C) that precludes latency without affecting structure, and can be controlled by a reducing agent to terminate activity at will. We have already proven its usefulness to control cancer in human cancer cells, as well as preventing clot lysis in human whole blood and plasma and in a mouse model. Our results demonstrate the potential therapeutic applications (topical or systemic) of this protein in the treatment of cancer, for the trauma patients to ward off an excessive blood loss, or for people with the PAI-1 deficiency, especially during surgery. Remarkable extension of PAI-1 half-life surprisingly brings no changes to its structure.,Jankun J, Yang J, Zheng H, Han FQ, Al-Senaidy A, Skrzypczak-Jankun E Int J Mol Med. 2012 Jan;29(1):61-4. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.798. Epub 2011, Sep 22. PMID:21947232[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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