GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide, is a hormone involved in insulin regulation. It was discovered when researchers found that glucose in the digestive tract led to higher insulin levels than the same amount of glucose administered directly in the blood stream. GLP-1 is produced in specialized cells in the intestine and in the pancreas, is released into the blood and has effects on cells in the pancreas, in the brain, and in many other organs. The half-life of GLP-1 is on the order of minutes, so it exerts a short-term effect unless continuously produced.
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Structure
Bound to the GLP-1 receptor, GLP-1 has an alpha-helical structure that is bent near glycine in some complexes. In solution, GLP-1 is predicted to be alpha-helical in its center.
Synthesis
GLP-1 is made as part of pro-glucagon and processed distinctly depending on cell-type.
Degradation
GLP-1 is initially degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase IV.
Binding to receptor
GLP-1 binds to the extracellular side of the GPL-1 receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor. When bound to the receptor, GLP-1 acts as agonist resulting in cAMP production in the cell.
Consequences of receptor binding |
References
