11cj | pdb_000011cj
Structure of human TRPV1 in Apo state
Structural highlights
FunctionTRPV1_HUMAN Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular acidosis in nociceptive neurons. Involved in mediation of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. Sensitized by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, which involves PKC isozymes and PCL. Activation by vanilloids, like capsaicin, and temperatures higher than 42 degrees Celsius, exhibits a time- and Ca(2+)-dependent outward rectification, followed by a long-lasting refractory state. Mild extracellular acidic pH (6.5) potentiates channel activation by noxious heat and vanilloids, whereas acidic conditions (pH <6) directly activate the channel. Can be activated by endogenous compounds, including 12-hydroperoxytetraenoic acid and bradykinin. Acts as ionotropic endocannabinoid receptor with central neuromodulatory effects. Triggers a form of long-term depression (TRPV1-LTD) mediated by the endocannabinoid anandamine in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens by affecting AMPA receptors endocytosis.[UniProtKB:O35433][1] [2] [3] [4] Publication Abstract from PubMedTransient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel mediates thermosensation and pain and is a target for non-addictive analgesics; however, clinical candidates have failed due to thermoregulatory side effects. Limited structural data for human TRPV1 (hTRPV1) bound to clinically relevant antagonists has constrained mechanistic insight. Using chemoinformatics-informed cryo-EM and BRET assays, we define the structural basis of antagonism across diverse chemotypes, including failed clinical compounds. A structure of hTRPV1 bound to 6-iodo-dihydrocapsaicin shows how a single substitution converts an agonist into an antagonist. Additional structures with Asivatrep, Mavatrep, and JNJ-17203212 reveal vanilloid pocket plasticity and divergent interaction networks, including lipid co-binding. Despite this diversity, antagonists converge on a conserved inhibited state, showing high potency is maintained across flexible binding modes. These findings redefine our understanding of hTRPV1 antagonism and illustrate how chemically diverse ligands stabilize an inhibited state in polymodal ion channels, laying groundwork for next-generation analgesics with improved safety. TRPV1 antagonism occurs through diverse structural mechanisms.,Lopez KE, Paduda AS, Derrick MJ, Van Horn WD bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2026 Apr 29:2026.04.27.721197. doi: , 10.64898/2026.04.27.721197. PMID:42094379[5] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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