Structural highlights
Function
ORTH2_ARATH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Participates in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation and epigenetic transcriptional silencing. Mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. Promotes methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering. Associates with methylated DNA, and can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrate. Probably acts at the DNA methylation?histone interface to maintain centromeric heterochromatin.[1] [2] [3] [4]
References
- ↑ Johnson LM, Bostick M, Zhang X, Kraft E, Henderson I, Callis J, Jacobsen SE. The SRA methyl-cytosine-binding domain links DNA and histone methylation. Curr Biol. 2007 Feb 20;17(4):379-84. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.009. Epub 2007, Jan 18. PMID:17239600 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.009
- ↑ Woo HR, Pontes O, Pikaard CS, Richards EJ. VIM1, a methylcytosine-binding protein required for centromeric heterochromatinization. Genes Dev. 2007 Feb 1;21(3):267-77. doi: 10.1101/gad.1512007. Epub 2007 Jan 22. PMID:17242155 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1512007
- ↑ Kraft E, Bostick M, Jacobsen SE, Callis J. ORTH/VIM proteins that regulate DNA methylation are functional ubiquitin E3 ligases. Plant J. 2008 Dec;56(5):704-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03631.x. Epub 2008 , Sep 19. PMID:18643997 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03631.x
- ↑ Woo HR, Dittmer TA, Richards EJ. Three SRA-domain methylcytosine-binding proteins cooperate to maintain global CpG methylation and epigenetic silencing in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet. 2008 Aug 15;4(8):e1000156. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000156. PMID:18704160 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000156
