Sandbox108

Glutamine synthetase assignment by UMBC undergraduate students

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2qc8, resolution 2.60Å (default scene)
Ligands:	ADP, CL, MN, P3S
Gene:	GLUL, GLNS (Homo sapiens)
Activity:	Glutamate--ammonia ligase, with EC number 6.3.1.2
Related:	2ojw
Structural annotation: Resources: InterPro : Ipr014746, Ipr008147, Ipr008146 Pfam : PF00120, PF03951 UniProt : P15104
Functional annotation: Cellular component: cytoplasm Biological process: nitrogen compound metabolic process glutamine biosynthetic process regulation of neurotransmitter levels Molecular function: ligase activity glutamate-ammonia ligase activity catalytic activity
Evolutionary conservation: Toggle Conservation Colors: Rows = identical sequences: Further Information: Caveats, Explanation, Complete Results at ConSurfDB
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, RCSB, PDBsum
Coordinates:	save as pdb, mmCIF, xml

Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Exercise 4(Practiced)

OUTLINE

Tertiary Structure

   Tertiary structure of protein is characterized by the “global” folding of a polypeptide chain [1] and has two domains in refined atomic model of glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium. Hydrophobic interaction is a major driving force determining the most tertiary structure of the proteins. [2] Hydrogen bonding <insert wiki showing the H.B> is crucial in stabilizing the tertiary structure as well. [3] Also, disulfide bonds <insert wiki showing the disulfide bonds of cysteine> between cysteine residues stabilize the tertiary structure. [4]

   Glutamine synthetase from Salmonella has twenty three helix-helix interactions and is four different types of interactions. [5] Hydrophobic/polar <hydrophobic/polar wiki> (put color) and hydrophilic <hydrophilic wiki>(put color) region of glutamine are combined together to fold proteins.  

is within uncharged polar <insert wiki showing the uncharged polar groups>. Usually, uncharged polar groups are classified as hydrophilic <insert wiki showing the hydrophilic> that is found on the outside of proteins. Also, amino acids with the character of acidic or basic side chains are polar, showing on the outside of molecules <insert wiki showing the polar>. For glutamine, its side chain is uncharged and formed by replacing the hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group. [6] In the other hand, glutamine has no side chain on non-polar group, however the side chain on non-polar groups of the proteins usually tends to be hydrophobic <insert wiki showing the hydrophobic of cysteine> and to cluster together on the inside.[7]