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Structural highlights

Function

VP4_ROTRH Spike-forming protein that mediates virion attachment to the host epithelial cell receptors and plays a major role in cell penetration, determination of host range restriction and virulence. It is subsequently lost, together with VP7, following virus entry into the host cell. Rotavirus attachment and entry into the host cell probably involves multiple sequential contacts between the outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7, and the cell receptors. In sialic acid-dependent and/or integrin-dependent strains, VP4 seems to essentially target sialic acid and/or the integrin heterodimer ITGA2/ITGB1.^[1] Outer capsid protein VP5*: forms the spike "foot" and "body". Acts as a membrane permeabilization protein that mediates release of viral particles from endosomal compartments into the cytoplasm. In integrin-dependent strains, VP5* targets the integrin heterodimer ITGA2/ITGB1 for cell attachment.^[2] VP8* forms the head of the spikes. It is the viral hemagglutinin and an important target of neutralizing antibodies. In sialic acid-dependent strains, VP8* binds to host cell sialic acid, most probably a ganglioside, providing the initial contact.^[3]

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

See Also

• Virus coat proteins 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Kim IS, Trask SD, Babyonyshev M, Dormitzer PR, Harrison SC. Effect of mutations in VP5 hydrophobic loops on rotavirus cell entry. J Virol. 2010 Jun;84(12):6200-7. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02461-09. Epub 2010 Apr 7. PMID:20375171 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02461-09
2. ↑ Kim IS, Trask SD, Babyonyshev M, Dormitzer PR, Harrison SC. Effect of mutations in VP5 hydrophobic loops on rotavirus cell entry. J Virol. 2010 Jun;84(12):6200-7. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02461-09. Epub 2010 Apr 7. PMID:20375171 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02461-09
3. ↑ Kim IS, Trask SD, Babyonyshev M, Dormitzer PR, Harrison SC. Effect of mutations in VP5 hydrophobic loops on rotavirus cell entry. J Virol. 2010 Jun;84(12):6200-7. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02461-09. Epub 2010 Apr 7. PMID:20375171 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02461-09