6urc | pdb_00006urc
Crystal structure of IRE1a in complex with compound 18
Structural highlights
FunctionERN1_HUMAN Senses unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum via its N-terminal domain which leads to enzyme auto-activation. The active endoribonuclease domain splices XBP1 mRNA to generate a new C-terminus, converting it into a potent unfolded-protein response transcriptional activator and triggering growth arrest and apoptosis.[1] [2] [3] [UniProtKB:Q9EQY0] Publication Abstract from PubMedMultiple myeloma (MM) arises from malignant immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cells and remains an incurable, often lethal disease despite therapeutic advances. The unfolded-protein response sensor IRE1alpha supports protein secretion by deploying a kinase-endoribonuclease module to activate the transcription factor XBP1s. MM cells may co-opt the IRE1alpha-XBP1s pathway; however, the validity of IRE1alpha as a potential MM therapeutic target is controversial. Genetic disruption of IRE1alpha or XBP1s, or pharmacologic IRE1alpha kinase inhibition, attenuated subcutaneous or orthometastatic growth of MM tumors in mice and augmented efficacy of two established frontline antimyeloma agents, bortezomib and lenalidomide. Mechanistically, IRE1alpha perturbation inhibited expression of key components of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation machinery, as well as secretion of Ig light chains and of cytokines and chemokines known to promote MM growth. Selective IRE1alpha kinase inhibition reduced viability of CD138(+) plasma cells while sparing CD138(-) cells derived from bone marrows of newly diagnosed or posttreatment-relapsed MM patients, in both US- and European Union-based cohorts. Effective IRE1alpha inhibition preserved glucose-induced insulin secretion by pancreatic microislets and viability of primary hepatocytes in vitro, as well as normal tissue homeostasis in mice. These results establish a strong rationale for developing kinase-directed inhibitors of IRE1alpha for MM therapy. Disruption of IRE1alpha through its kinase domain attenuates multiple myeloma.,Harnoss JM, Le Thomas A, Shemorry A, Marsters SA, Lawrence DA, Lu M, Chen YA, Qing J, Totpal K, Kan D, Segal E, Merchant M, Reichelt M, Ackerly Wallweber H, Wang W, Clark K, Kaufman S, Beresini MH, Laing ST, Sandoval W, Lorenzo M, Wu J, Ly J, De Bruyn T, Heidersbach A, Haley B, Gogineni A, Weimer RM, Lee D, Braun MG, Rudolph J, VanWyngarden MJ, Sherbenou DW, Gomez-Bougie P, Amiot M, Acosta-Alvear D, Walter P, Ashkenazi A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 13;116(33):16420-16429. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1906999116. Epub 2019 Aug 1. PMID:31371506[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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