6v62
SETD3 double mutant (N255F/W273A) in Complex with an Actin Peptide with His73 Replaced with Lysine
Structural highlights
DiseaseACTG_HUMAN Baraitser-Winter syndrome;Autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNA. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. FunctionACTG_HUMAN Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Publication Abstract from PubMedMost characterized SET domain (SETD) proteins are protein lysine methyltransferases, but SETD3 was recently demonstrated to be a protein (i.e.actin) histidine-N3methyltransferase. Human SETD3 shares a high structural homology with two known protein lysine methyltransferases-human SETD6 and the plant LSMT-but differs in the residues constituting the active site. In the SETD3 active site, Asn-255 engages in a unique hydrogen-bonding interaction with the target histidine of actin that likely contributes to its >1300-fold greater catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) on histidine than on lysine. Here, we engineered active-site variants to switch the SETD3 target specificity from histidine to lysine. Substitution of Asn-255 with phenylalanine (N255F), together with substitution of Trp-273 with alanine (W273A), generated an active site mimicking that of known lysine methyltransferases. The doubly substituted SETD3 variant exhibited a 13-fold preference for lysine over histidine. We show, by means of X-ray crystallography, that the two target nitrogen atoms-the N3atom of histidine and the terminal e-amino nitrogen of lysine-occupy the same position and point towards and are within a short distance of the incoming methyl group of SAM for a direct methyl transfer during catalysis. In contrast, SETD3 and its Asn-255 substituted derivatives did not methylate glutamine (another potentially methylated amino acid). However, the glutamine-containing peptide competed with the substrate peptide, and glutamine bound in the active site, but too far away from SAM to be methylated. Our results provide insight into the structural parameters defining the target amino acid specificity of SET enzymes. An engineered variant of SETD3 methyltransferase alters target specificity from histidine to lysine methylation.,Dai S, Horton JR, Wilkinson AW, Gozani O, Zhang X, Cheng X J Biol Chem. 2020 Jan 7. pii: RA119.012319. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.012319. PMID:31911441[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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