| Structural highlights
Function
ARFA_ARATH Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Seems to act as transcriptional repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Promotes flowering, stamen development, floral organ abscission and fruit dehiscence. Acts as repressor of IAA2, IAA3 and IAA7.[1] [2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The hormone auxin controls many aspects of the plant life cycle by regulating the expression of thousands of genes. The transcriptional output of the nuclear auxin signaling pathway is determined by the activity of AUXIN RESPONSE transcription FACTORs (ARFs), through their binding to cis-regulatory elements in auxin-responsive genes. Crystal structures, in vitro, and heterologous studies have fueled a model in which ARF dimers bind with high affinity to distinctly spaced repeats of canonical AuxRE motifs. However, the relevance of this "caliper" model, and the mechanisms underlying the binding affinities in vivo, have remained elusive. Here we biochemically and functionally interrogate modes of ARF-DNA interaction. We show that a single additional hydrogen bond in Arabidopsis ARF1 confers high-affinity binding to individual DNA sites. We demonstrate the importance of AuxRE cooperativity within repeats in the Arabidopsis TMO5 and IAA11 promoters in vivo. Meta-analysis of transcriptomes further reveals strong genome-wide association of auxin response with both inverted (IR) and direct (DR) AuxRE repeats, which we experimentally validated. The association of these elements with auxin-induced up-regulation (DR and IR) or down-regulation (IR) was correlated with differential binding affinities of A-class and B-class ARFs, respectively, suggesting a mechanistic basis for the distinct activity of these repeats. Our results support the relevance of high-affinity binding of ARF transcription factors to uniquely spaced DNA elements in vivo, and suggest that differential binding affinities of ARF subfamilies underlie diversity in cis-element function.
Architecture of DNA elements mediating ARF transcription factor binding and auxin-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis.,Freire-Rios A, Tanaka K, Crespo I, van der Wijk E, Sizentsova Y, Levitsky V, Lindhoud S, Fontana M, Hohlbein J, Boer DR, Mironova V, Weijers D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 14. pii: 2009554117. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.2009554117. PMID:32929017[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Hagen G, Guilfoyle T. Auxin-responsive gene expression: genes, promoters and regulatory factors. Plant Mol Biol. 2002 Jun-Jul;49(3-4):373-85. PMID:12036261
- ↑ Ellis CM, Nagpal P, Young JC, Hagen G, Guilfoyle TJ, Reed JW. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 regulate senescence and floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development. 2005 Oct;132(20):4563-74. Epub 2005 Sep 21. PMID:16176952 doi:http://dx.doi.org/dev.02012
- ↑ Freire-Rios A, Tanaka K, Crespo I, van der Wijk E, Sizentsova Y, Levitsky V, Lindhoud S, Fontana M, Hohlbein J, Boer DR, Mironova V, Weijers D. Architecture of DNA elements mediating ARF transcription factor binding and auxin-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 29;117(39):24557-24566. PMID:32929017 doi:10.1073/pnas.2009554117
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