2v5e
From Proteopedia
The structure of the GDNF:Coreceptor complex: Insights into RET signalling and heparin binding.
Structural highlights
FunctionGFRA1_RAT Receptor for GDNF. Mediates the GDNF-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedGlial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a neuronal survival factor, binds its co-receptor GDNF family receptor alpha1 (GFR alpha 1) in a 2:2 ratio and signals through the receptor tyrosine kinase RET. We have solved the GDNF(2).GFR alpha 1(2) complex structure at 2.35 A resolution in the presence of a heparin mimic, sucrose octasulfate. The structure of our GDNF(2).GFR alpha 1(2) complex and the previously published artemin(2).GFR alpha 3(2) complex are unlike in three ways. First, we have experimentally identified residues that differ in the ligand-GFR alpha interface between the two structures, in particular ones that buttress the key conserved Arg(GFR alpha)-Glu(ligand)-Arg(GFR alpha) interaction. Second, the flexible GDNF ligand "finger" loops fit differently into the GFR alphas, which are rigid. Third, and we believe most importantly, the quaternary structure of the two tetramers is dissimilar, because the angle between the two GDNF monomers is different. This suggests that the RET-RET interaction differs in different ligand(2)-co-receptor(2)-RET(2) heterohexamer complexes. Consistent with this, we showed that GDNF(2).GFR alpha1(2) and artemin(2).GFR alpha 3(2) signal differently in a mitogen-activated protein kinase assay. Furthermore, we have shown by mutagenesis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of RET phosphorylation that RET probably interacts with GFR alpha 1 residues Arg-190, Lys-194, Arg-197, Gln-198, Lys-202, Arg-257, Arg-259, Glu-323, and Asp-324 upon both domains 2 and 3. Interestingly, in our structure, sucrose octasulfate also binds to the Arg(190)-Lys(202) region in GFR alpha 1 domain 2. This may explain how GDNF.GFR alpha 1 can mediate cell adhesion and how heparin might inhibit GDNF signaling through RET. The structure of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-coreceptor complex: insights into RET signaling and heparin binding.,Parkash V, Leppanen VM, Virtanen H, Jurvansuu JM, Bespalov MM, Sidorova YA, Runeberg-Roos P, Saarma M, Goldman A J Biol Chem. 2008 Dec 12;283(50):35164-72. Epub 2008 Oct 8. PMID:18845535[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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