| Structural highlights
Disease
HMCS2_HUMAN 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase deficiency. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Function
HMCS2_HUMAN Catalyzes the first irreversible step in ketogenesis, condensing acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is converted by HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) into mevalonate.[1] [2] [3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (CoA) synthase (HMGCS) catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA into 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA. It is ubiquitous across the phylogenetic tree and is broadly classified into three classes. The prokaryotic isoform is essential in Gram-positive bacteria for isoprenoid synthesis via the mevalonate pathway. The eukaryotic cytosolic isoform also participates in the mevalonate pathway but its end product is cholesterol. Mammals also contain a mitochondrial isoform; its deficiency results in an inherited disorder of ketone body formation. Here, we report high-resolution crystal structures of the human cytosolic (hHMGCS1) and mitochondrial (hHMGCS2) isoforms in binary product complexes. Our data represent the first structures solved for human HMGCS and the mitochondrial isoform, allowing for the first time structural comparison among the three isoforms. This serves as a starting point for the development of isoform-specific inhibitors that have potential cholesterol-reducing and antibiotic applications. In addition, missense mutations that cause mitochondrial HMGCS deficiency have been mapped onto the hHMGCS2 structure to rationalize the structural basis for the disease pathology.
Crystal structures of human HMG-CoA synthase isoforms provide insights into inherited ketogenesis disorders and inhibitor design.,Shafqat N, Turnbull A, Zschocke J, Oppermann U, Yue WW J Mol Biol. 2010 May 14;398(4):497-506. Epub 2010 Mar 25. PMID:20346956[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Bouchard L, Robert MF, Vinarov D, Stanley CA, Thompson GN, Morris A, Leonard JV, Quant P, Hsu BY, Boneh A, Boukaftane Y, Ashmarina L, Wang S, Miziorko H, Mitchell GA. Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase deficiency: clinical course and description of causal mutations in two patients. Pediatr Res. 2001 Mar;49(3):326-31. PMID:11228257 doi:10.1203/00006450-200103000-00005
- ↑ Ramos M, Menao S, Arnedo M, Puisac B, Gil-Rodríguez MC, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Hernández-Marcos M, Pierre G, Ramaswami U, Baquero-Montoya C, Bueno G, Casale C, Hegardt FG, Gómez-Puertas P, Pié J. New case of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase deficiency. Functional analysis of eight mutations. Eur J Med Genet. 2013 Aug;56(8):411-5. PMID:23751782 doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.05.008
- ↑ Puisac B, Marcos-Alcalde I, Hernández-Marcos M, Tobajas Morlana P, Levtova A, Schwahn BC, DeLaet C, Lace B, Gómez-Puertas P, Pié J. Human Mitochondrial HMG-CoA Synthase Deficiency: Role of Enzyme Dimerization Surface and Characterization of Three New Patients. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Mar 28;19(4):1010. PMID:29597274 doi:10.3390/ijms19041010
- ↑ Shafqat N, Turnbull A, Zschocke J, Oppermann U, Yue WW. Crystal structures of human HMG-CoA synthase isoforms provide insights into inherited ketogenesis disorders and inhibitor design. J Mol Biol. 2010 May 14;398(4):497-506. Epub 2010 Mar 25. PMID:20346956 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2010.03.034
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