3orz
From Proteopedia
PDK1 mutant bound to allosteric disulfide fragment activator 2A2
Structural highlights
FunctionPDPK1_HUMAN Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a master kinase, phosphorylating and activating a subgroup of the AGC family of protein kinases. Its targets include: protein kinase B (PKB/AKT1, PKB/AKT2, PKB/AKT3), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KB1), p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2 and RPS6KA3), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA), protein kinase C (PRKCD and PRKCZ), serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3), p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1), protein kinase PKN (PKN1 and PKN2). Plays a central role in the transduction of signals from insulin by providing the activating phosphorylation to PKB/AKT1, thus propagating the signal to downstream targets controlling cell proliferation and survival, as well as glucose and amino acid uptake and storage. Negatively regulates the TGF-beta-induced signaling by: modulating the association of SMAD3 and SMAD7 with TGF-beta receptor, phosphorylating SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4 and SMAD7, preventing the nuclear translocation of SMAD3 and SMAD4 and the translocation of SMAD7 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to TGF-beta. Activates PPARG transcriptional activity and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Activates the NF-kappa-B pathway via phosphorylation of IKKB. The tyrosine phosphorylated form is crucial for the regulation of focal adhesions by angiotensin II. Controls proliferation, survival, and growth of developing pancreatic cells. Participates in the regulation of Ca(2+) entry and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels of mast cells. Essential for the motility of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and is involved in the regulation of their chemotaxis. Plays a critical role in cardiac homeostasis by serving as a dual effector for cell survival and beta-adrenergic response. Plays an important role during thymocyte development by regulating the expression of key nutrient receptors on the surface of pre-T cells and mediating Notch-induced cell growth and proliferative responses. Provides negative feedback inhibition to toll-like receptor-mediated NF-kappa-B activation in macrophages. Isoform 3 is catalytically inactive.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] Publication Abstract from PubMedThere is significant interest in identifying and characterizing allosteric sites in enzymes such as protein kinases both for understanding allosteric mechanisms as well as for drug discovery. Here, we apply a site-directed technology, disulfide trapping, to interrogate structurally and functionally how an allosteric site on the Ser/Thr kinase, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1)-the PDK1-interacting-fragment (PIF) pocket-is engaged by an activating peptide motif on downstream substrate kinases (PIFtides) and by small molecule fragments. By monitoring pairwise disulfide conjugation between PIFtide and PDK1 cysteine mutants, we defined the PIFtide binding orientation in the PIF pocket of PDK1 and assessed subtle relationships between PIFtide positioning and kinase activation. We also discovered a variety of small molecule fragment disulfides (< 300 Da) that could either activate or inhibit PDK1 by conjugation to the PIF pocket, thus displaying greater functional diversity than is displayed by PIFtides conjugated to the same sites. Biochemical data and three crystal structures provided insight into the mechanism of action of the best fragment activators and inhibitors. These studies show that disulfide trapping is useful for characterizing allosteric sites on kinases and that a single allosteric site on a protein kinase can be exploited for both activation and inhibition by small molecules. Turning a protein kinase on or off from a single allosteric site via disulfide trapping.,Sadowsky JD, Burlingame MA, Wolan DW, McClendon CL, Jacobson MP, Wells JA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 23. PMID:21430264[16] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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