4b7t
From Proteopedia
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta complexed with Axin Peptide and Leucettine L4
Structural highlights
DiseaseAXIN1_HUMAN Defects in AXIN1 are involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [MIM:114550.[1] [2] Defects in AXIN1 are a cause of caudal duplication anomaly (CADUA) [MIM:607864. Caudal duplication anomaly is characterized by the occurrence of duplications of different organs in the caudal region. Note=Caudal duplication anomaly is associated with hypermethylation of the AXIN1 promoter.[3] FunctionAXIN1_HUMAN Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signaling. Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway and ventralize embryos, but also dorsalizes embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signaling pathway. In Wnt signaling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B. Likely to function as a tumor suppressor. Facilitates the phosphorylation of TP53 by HIPK2 upon ultraviolet irradiation. Enhances TGF-beta signaling by recruiting the RNF111 E3 ubiquitin ligase and promoting the degradation of inhibitory SMAD7. Also component of the AXIN1-HIPK2-TP53 complex which controls cell growth, apoptosis and development.[4] [5] [6] Publication Abstract from PubMedDYRKs (dual specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinases) and CLKs (cdc2-like kinases) are implicated in the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. The marine sponge alkaloid Leucettamine B was recently identified as an inhibitor of DYRKs/CLKs. Synthesis of analogues (Leucettines) led to an optimized product, Leucettine L41. Leucettines were co-crystallized with DYRK1A, DYRK2, CLK3, PIM1 and GSK-3beta. The selectivity of L41 was studied by activity & interaction assays of recombinant kinases and affinity chromatography & competition affinity assays. These approaches revealed unexpected potential secondary targets such as CK2, SLK and the lipid kinase PIKfyve/Vac14/Fig4. L41 displayed neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced HT22 cell death. L41 also reduced amyloid precursor protein -induced cell death in cultured rat brain slices. The unusual multi-target selectivity of Leucettines may account for their neuroprotective effects. This family of kinase inhibitors deserves further optimization as potential therapeutics against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Selectivity, co-crystal structures and neuroprotective properties of Leucettines, a family of protein kinase inhibitors derived from the marine sponge alkaloid Leucettamine B.,Tahtouh T, Elkins JM, Filippakopoulos P, Soundararajan M, Burgy G, Durieu E, Cochet C, Schmid R, Lo D, Delhommel F, Oberholzer A, Laurence P, Carreaux F, Bazureau JP, Knapp S, Meijer L J Med Chem. 2012 Sep 21. PMID:22998443[7] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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