6q1u
From Proteopedia
Structure of plasmin and peptide complex
Structural highlights
DiseasePLMN_HUMAN Defects in PLG are the cause of plasminogen deficiency (PLGD) [MIM:217090. PLGD is characterized by decreased serum plasminogen activity. Two forms of the disorder are distinguished: type 1 deficiency is additionally characterized by decreased plasminogen antigen levels and clinical symptoms, whereas type 2 deficiency, also known as dysplasminogenemia, is characterized by normal, or slightly reduced antigen levels, and absence of clinical manifestations. Plasminogen deficiency type 1 results in markedly impaired extracellular fibrinolysis and chronic mucosal pseudomembranous lesions due to subepithelial fibrin deposition and inflammation. The most common clinical manifestation of type 1 deficiency is ligneous conjunctivitis in which pseudomembranes formation on the palpebral surfaces of the eye progresses to white, yellow-white, or red thick masses with a wood-like consistency that replace the normal mucosa.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] FunctionPLMN_HUMAN Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement zymogens, such as C1 and C5. Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invasion may be modulated by CSPG4. Binds to cells.[9] Angiostatin is an angiogenesis inhibitor that blocks neovascularization and growth of experimental primary and metastatic tumors in vivo.[10] Publication Abstract from PubMedRuthenium-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC) is an emerging tool for organic and medicinal chemistry that provides access to 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole motifs for applications in peptide engineering. Despite its growing popularity, investigation of this motif as a disulfide mimetic in backbone cyclic peptides has been limited, and structural consequences remain to be studied. Here, we establish synthetic strategies to install various triazole linkages in cyclic peptides using backbone cyclisation and RuAAC cross-linking reactions. These linkages were evaluated in four serine protease inhibitors based on the sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 framework. NMR and X-ray crystallography revealed exceptional consensus of bridging distance and backbone conformations (RMSD <0.5 A) of the triazole linkages when compared to the parent disulfide molecules. The triazole-bridged peptides displayed superior half-lives in liver S9 stability assays compared to disulfide-bridged peptides. This work establishes a strong foundation for the application of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as disulfide mimetics. Application and Structural Analysis of Triazole-Bridged Disulfide Mimetics in Cyclic Peptides.,White A, de Veer S, Wu G, Harvey P, Yap K, King GJ, Swedberg JE, Wang CK, Law RHP, Durek T, Craik D Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2020 Apr 8. doi: 10.1002/anie.202003435. PMID:32270580[11] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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