| Structural highlights
Function
GBB1_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.[1]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) belongs to the subfamily of proton-sensing GPCRs (psGPCRs), which detect pH changes in extracellular environment and regulate diverse physiological responses. GPR4 was found to be overactivated in acidic tumor microenvironment as well as inflammation sites, with a triad of acidic residues within the transmembrane domain identified as crucial for proton sensing. However, the 3D structure remains unknown, and the roles of other conserved residues within psGPCRs are not well understood. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of active zebrafish GPR4 at both pH 6.5 and 8.5, each highlighting a distribution of histidine and acidic residues at the extracellular region. Cell-based assays show that these ionizable residues moderately influence the proton-sensing capacity of zebrafish GPR4, compared to the more significant effects of the triad residues. Furthermore, we reveal a cluster of aromatic residues within the orthosteric pocket that may propagate the signaling to the intercellular region via repacking the aromatic patch at the central region. This study provides a framework for future signaling and functional investigation of psGPCRs.
Cryo-EM structure of an activated GPR4-Gs signaling complex.,Ma Y, Wang Y, Tang M, Weng Y, Chen Y, Xu Y, An S, Wu Y, Zhao S, Xu H, Li D, Liu M, Lu W, Ru H, Song G Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 11;16(1):605. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-55901-2. PMID:39799123[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Johnston CA, Kimple AJ, Giguere PM, Siderovski DP. Structure of the parathyroid hormone receptor C terminus bound to the G-protein dimer Gbeta1gamma2. Structure. 2008 Jul;16(7):1086-94. PMID:18611381 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2008.04.010
- ↑ Ma Y, Wang Y, Tang M, Weng Y, Chen Y, Xu Y, An S, Wu Y, Zhao S, Xu H, Li D, Liu M, Lu W, Ru H, Song G. Cryo-EM structure of an activated GPR4-Gs signaling complex. Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 11;16(1):605. PMID:39799123 doi:10.1038/s41467-025-55901-2
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