Structural highlights
Function
P2RX4_HUMAN ATP-gated nonselective transmembrane cation channel permeable to potassium, sodium and calcium (PubMed:9016352). CTP, but not GTP or UTP, functions as a weak affinity agonist for P2RX4 (By similarity). Activated by extracellularly released ATP, it plays multiple role in immunity and central nervous system physiology (PubMed:35165166). Plays a key role in initial steps of T-cell activation and Ca(2+) microdomain formation (By similarity). Participates also in basal T-cell activity without TCR/CD3 stimulation (By similarity). Promotes the differentiation and activation of Th17 cells via expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C/RORC (PubMed:35165166). Upon activation, drives microglia motility via the PI3K/Akt pathway (By similarity). Could also function as an ATP-gated cation channel of lysosomal membranes (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P51577][UniProtKB:Q9JJX6][1] [2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
P2X receptors (P2XRs) are adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-gated ion channels comprising homomeric and heteromeric trimers of seven subtypes (P2X1-P2X7) that confer different rates of desensitization. The helical recoil model of P2XR desensitization proposes stability of the cytoplasmic cap sets the rate of desensitization, but timing of its formation is unclear for slow-desensitizing P2XRs. We report cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length wild-type human P2X4 receptor in apo closed, antagonist-bound inhibited, and ATP-bound desensitized states. Because the apo closed and antagonist-bound inhibited state structures of this slow-desensitizing P2XR include an intact cytoplasmic cap while the ATP-bound desensitized state structure does not, the cytoplasmic cap is formed before agonist binding. Furthermore, structural and functional data suggest the cytoplasmic cap is stabilized by lipids to modulate desensitization, and P2X4 is modified by glycosylation and palmitoylation. Last, our antagonist-bound inhibited state structure reveals features specific to the allosteric ligand-binding pocket in human receptors that facilitates development of small-molecule modulators.
Human P2X4 receptor gating is modulated by a stable cytoplasmic cap and a unique allosteric pocket.,Shi H, Ditter IA, Oken AC, Mansoor SE Sci Adv. 2025 Jan 17;11(3):eadr3315. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adr3315. Epub 2025 Jan , 17. PMID:39823330[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Hamoudi C, Zhao C, Abderrazak A, Salem M, Fortin PR, Sévigny J, Aoudjit F. The Purinergic Receptor P2X4 Promotes Th17 Activation and the Development of Arthritis. J Immunol. 2022 Mar 1;208(5):1115-1127. PMID:35165166 doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2100550
- ↑ Garcia-Guzman M, Soto F, Gomez-Hernandez JM, Lund PE, Stühmer W. Characterization of recombinant human P2X4 receptor reveals pharmacological differences to the rat homologue. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jan;51(1):109-18. PMID:9016352 doi:10.1124/mol.51.1.109
- ↑ Shi H, Ditter IA, Oken AC, Mansoor SE. Human P2X4 receptor gating is modulated by a stable cytoplasmic cap and a unique allosteric pocket. Sci Adv. 2025 Jan 17;11(3):eadr3315. PMID:39823330 doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr3315
