Pharmaceutical Drugs

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AstraZeneca’s Nexium
AstraZeneca’s Nexium

The Pharmaceutical industry is one of the world’s largest industries, grossing well over $300 billion in the United States alone. Understanding how the drugs the pharma industry develops work and different characteristics of these compounds is important to nearly everyone as 50% of the US population takes at least one prescription medication regularly and nearly everyone takes a pharmaceutical pill at some point in their life.[1] See also WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines. The following is a growing list of pharmaceutical compounds organized by disorder.

See Pharmaceutical Drug Targets for a list of drug targets organized by disease.

The majority of all modern medicinal drugs target members of the superfamily of proteins called the G protein-coupled receptors or GPCRs[2][3].

Treatments

The following is a list of pharmaceutical treatments for various diseases, organized by disorder. Each entry highlights general information about the therapeutic, pharmacokinetic data comparisons within its drug class, and a structural analysis explaining how the drug compound functions in vivo.

Alzheimer's Disease

Bacterial Infection

Cancer
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Antagonists at glutamatergic NMDA receptors
Antibiotics
Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody
Anti-melanoma Monoclonal Antibody
B-Raf Kinase Inhibitor
  • Zelboraf - Generic: Vemurafenib (Formerly: PLX-4032)
Chemotherapy
Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors
Estrogen Receptor Modulator
mTOR inhibitor
  • Rapamune - Generic: Sirolimus (Rapamycin)
  • Afinitor - Generic: Everolimus
  • Torisel - Generic: Temsirolimus
Multiple Receptor Tyrosine kinase (VEGFR, PDGFR, EGFR, KIT, Abl) Inhibitors
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitor
Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors
Cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors

Depression

Diabetes

Erectile Dysfunction

Serotonin Transporter Inhibitors

Tricyclic Antidepressants
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor


Insulin
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV Inhibitor
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonist
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist
Mechanism is not completely understood
Inhibitors of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2)
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor
  • Cialis - Generic: Tadalafil
  • Levitra - Generic: Vardenafil
  • Viagra - Generic: Sildenafil

Hypercholeseterolemia

Hypertension

HIV
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein blocker
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
β-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors
Inhibitors of neprilysin
Renin inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5) Inhibitors
  • Selzentry - Generic: Maraviroc
HIV-Protease Inhibitors
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
  • Baraclude - Generic: Entecavir
  • Emtriva - Generic: Emtricitabine
  • Epivir - Generic: Lamivudine
  • Hivid - Generic: Zalcitabine
  • Retrovir - Generic: Zidovudine
  • Videx - Generic: Didanosine
  • Viread - Generic: Tenofovir
  • Zerit - Generic: Stavudine
  • Ziagen - Generic: Abacavir
Retroviral Integrase Inhibitors
Cytochrome P450 inhibitors
Combinations


Inflammation & Arthritis

Influenza

Opioid drugs
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors
  • Voltaren - Generic: Diclofenac also may inhibit phospholipase A2 as part of its mechanism of action.
M2 Proton Channel Inhibitors
Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Opioid receptors agonists
  • MScontin, Oramorph, Sevredol - Generic: Morphine (opioid receptor agonist)
  • Demerol - Generic: Meperidine (opioid receptor agonist)
  • Dolophine - Generic: Methadone (Levomethadone (the R enantiomer) is a opioid receptor agonist)
  • Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora - Generic: Fentanyl (opioid receptor agonist)
Opioid receptors antagonists
  • Narcan - Generic: Naloxone (competitive opioid receptor antagonist)
  • ReVia - Generic: Naltrexone (competitive opioid receptor antagonist)
  • Entereg - Generic: Alvimopan (opioid receptor antagonist)


References

  1. ↑ http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/09/03/129626052/a-portrait-of-health-prescription-drugs-in-america
  2. ↑ Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL. How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. PMID:17139284 doi:10.1038/nrd2199
  3. ↑ Peeters MC, van Westen GJ, Li Q, IJzerman AP. Importance of the extracellular loops in G protein-coupled receptors for ligand recognition and receptor activation. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Jan;32(1):35-42. PMID:21075459 doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.10.001


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