2qdn
From Proteopedia
Crystal Structure of mouse GITRL
Structural highlights
Function[TNF18_MOUSE] Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR (PubMed:14521928, PubMed:14647196). Regulates T-cell responses (PubMed:14647196). Can function as costimulator and lower the threshold for T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation (PubMed:14608036, PubMed:15128759). Important for interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Mediates activation of NF-kappa-B (PubMed:14521928, PubMed:14647196, PubMed:18178614). Triggers increased phosphorylation of STAT1 and up-regulates expression of VCAM1 and ICAM1 (By similarity). Promotes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (PubMed:23892569). Regulates migration of monocytes from the splenic reservoir to sites of inflammation (PubMed:24107315).[UniProtKB:Q9UNG2][1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedGlucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand (GITRL), a recently identified member of the TNF superfamily, binds to its receptor, GITR, on both effector and regulatory T cells and generates positive costimulatory signals implicated in a wide range of T cell functions. In contrast to all previously characterized homotrimeric TNF family members, the mouse GITRL crystal structure reveals a previously unrecognized dimeric assembly that is stabilized via a unique "domain-swapping" interaction. Consistent with its crystal structure, mouse GITRL exists as a stable dimer in solution. Structure-guided mutagenesis studies confirmed the determinants responsible for dimerization and support a previously unrecognized receptor-recognition surface for mouse GITRL that has not been observed for any other TNF family members. Taken together, the unique structural and biochemical behavior of mouse GITRL, along with the unusual domain organization of murine GITR, support a previously unrecognized mechanism for signaling within the TNF superfamily. Evolution of GITRL immune function: murine GITRL exhibits unique structural and biochemical properties within the TNF superfamily.,Chattopadhyay K, Ramagopal UA, Brenowitz M, Nathenson SG, Almo SC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 15;105(2):635-40. Epub 2008 Jan 8. PMID:18182486[8] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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