1dao
COVALENT ADDUCT OF D-AMINO ACID OXIDASE FROM PIG KIDNEY WITH 3-METHYL-2-OXO-VALERIC ACID
Structural highlights
FunctionOXDA_PIG Regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain. Has high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. Could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. Acts on a variety of D-amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups. Does not act on acidic amino acids. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedD-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is the prototype of the flavin-containing oxidases. It catalyzes the oxidative deamination of various D-amino acids, ranging from D-Ala to D-Trp. We have carried out the X-ray analysis of reduced DAAO in complex with the reaction product imino tryptophan (iTrp) and of the covalent adduct generated by the photoinduced reaction of the flavin with 3-methyl-2-oxobutyric acid (kVal). These structures were solved by combination of 8-fold density averaging and least-squares refinement techniques. The FAD redox state of DAAO crystals was assessed by single-crystal polarized absorption microspectrophotometry. iTrp binds to the reduced enzyme with the N, C alpha, C, and C beta atoms positioned 3.8 A from the re side of the flavin. The indole side chain points away from the cofactor and is bound in the active site through a rotation of Tyr224. This residue plays a crucial role in that it adapts its conformation to the size of the active site ligand, providing the enzyme with the plasticity required for binding a broad range of substrates. The iTrp binding mode is fully consistent with the proposal, inferred from the analysis of the native DAAO structure, that substrate oxidation occurs via direct hydride transfer from the C alpha to the flavin N5 atom. In this regard, it is remarkable that, even in the presence of the bulky iTrp ligand, the active center is made solvent inaccessible by loop 216-228. This loop is thought to switch between the "closed" conformation observed in the crystal structures and an "open" state required for substrate binding and product release. Loop closure is likely to have a role in catalysis by increasing the hydrophobicity of the active site, thus making the hydride transfer reaction more effective. Binding of kVal leads to keto acid decarboxylation and formation of a covalent bond between the keto acid C alpha and the flavin N5 atoms. Formation of this acyl adduct results in a nonplanar flavin, characterized by a 22 degrees angle between the pyrimidine and benzene rings. Thus, in addition to an adaptable substrate binding site, DAAO has the ability to bind a highly distorted cofactor. This ability is relevant for the enzyme's function as a highly efficient oxidase. Active site plasticity in D-amino acid oxidase: a crystallographic analysis.,Todone F, Vanoni MA, Mozzarelli A, Bolognesi M, Coda A, Curti B, Mattevi A Biochemistry. 1997 May 13;36(19):5853-60. PMID:9153426[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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