1g13
HUMAN GM2 ACTIVATOR STRUCTURE
Structural highlights
DiseaseSAP3_HUMAN Defects in GM2A are the cause of GM2-gangliosidosis type AB (GM2GAB) [MIM:272750; also known as Tay-Sachs disease AB variant. GM2-gangliosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease marked by the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in the neuronal cells. GM2GAB is characterized by GM2 gangliosides accumulation in the presence of both hexosaminidase A and B.[1] [2] [3] FunctionSAP3_HUMAN The large binding pocket can accommodate several single chain phospholipids and fatty acids, GM2A also exhibits some calcium-independent phospholipase activity (By similarity). Binds gangliosides and stimulates ganglioside GM2 degradation. It stimulates only the breakdown of ganglioside GM2 and glycolipid GA2 by beta-hexosaminidase A. It extracts single GM2 molecules from membranes and presents them in soluble form to beta-hexosaminidase A for cleavage of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and conversion to GM3. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedGM2 activator protein (GM2-AP) belongs to a small group of non- enzymatic lysosomal proteins that act as cofactors in the sequential degradation of gangliosides. It has been postulated that GM2-AP extracts single GM2 molecules from membranes and presents them in soluble form to beta-hexosaminidase A for cleavage of N-acetyl-d-galactosamine and conversion to GM3. The high affinity of GM2-AP for GM2 is based on specfic recognition of the oligosaccharide moiety as well as the ceramide lipid tail. Genetic defects in GM2-AP result in an atypical form of Tay-Sachs disease known as variant AB GM2 gangliosidosis. The 2.0 A resolution crystal structure of GM2-AP reported here reveals a previously unobserved fold whose main feature is an eight-stranded cup-shaped anti-parallel beta-pleated sheet. The striking feature of the GM2-AP structure is that it possesses an accessible central hydrophobic cavity rather than a buried hydrophobic core. The dimensions of this cavity (12 Ax14 Ax22 A) are suitable for binding 18-carbon lipid acyl chains. Flexible surface loops and a short alpha-helix decorate the mouth of the beta-cup and may control lipid entry to the cavity. Crystal structure of human GM2-activator protein with a novel beta-cup topology.,Wright CS, Li SC, Rastinejad F J Mol Biol. 2000 Dec 1;304(3):411-22. PMID:11090283[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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