Structural highlights
FunctionGSHR_HUMAN Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedNitric oxide (NO) is a pluripotent regulatory molecule, yet the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts its effects are largely unknown. Few physiologic target molecules of NO have been identified, and even for these, the modifications caused by NO remain uncharacterized. Human glutathione reductase (hGR), a central enzyme of cellular antioxidant defense, is inhibited by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and by diglutathionyl-dinitroso-iron (DNIC-[GSH]2), two in vivo transport forms of NO. Here, crystal structures of hGR inactivated by GSNO and DNIC-[GSH]2 at 1.7 A resolution provide the first picture of enzyme inactivation by NO-carriers: in GSNO-modified hGR, the active site residue Cys 63 is oxidized to an unusually stable cysteine sulfenic acid (R-SOH), whereas modification with DNIC-[GSH]2 oxidizes Cys 63 to a cysteine sulfinic acid (R-SO2H). Our results illustrate that various forms of NO can mediate distinct chemistry, and that sulfhydryl oxidation must be considered as a major mechanism of NO action. Enzyme inactivation through sulfhydryl oxidation by physiologic NO-carriers.,Becker K, Savvides SN, Keese M, Schirmer RH, Karplus PA Nat Struct Biol. 1998 Apr;5(4):267-71. PMID:9546215[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences | ||||||||||||||||||||
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