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Human serum albumin mutant r218p complexed with thyroxine (3,3',5,5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine)
Structural highlights
DiseaseALBU_HUMAN Defects in ALB are a cause of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) [MIM:103600. FDH is a form of euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia that is due to increased affinity of ALB for T(4). It is the most common cause of inherited euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia in Caucasian population.[1] [2] [3] [4] FunctionALBU_HUMAN Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc.[5] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedHuman serum albumin (HSA) is the major protein component of blood plasma and serves as a transporter for thyroxine and other hydrophobic compounds such as fatty acids and bilirubin. We report here a structural characterization of HSA-thyroxine interactions. Using crystallographic analyses we have identified four binding sites for thyroxine on HSA distributed in subdomains IIA, IIIA, and IIIB. Mutation of residue R218 within subdomain IIA greatly enhances the affinity for thyroxine and causes the elevated serum thyroxine levels associated with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH). Structural analysis of two FDH mutants of HSA (R218H and R218P) shows that this effect arises because substitution of R218, which contacts the hormone bound in subdomain IIA, produces localized conformational changes to relax steric restrictions on thyroxine binding at this site. We have also found that, although fatty acid binding competes with thyroxine at all four sites, it induces conformational changes that create a fifth hormone-binding site in the cleft between domains I and III, at least 9 A from R218. These structural observations are consistent with binding data showing that HSA retains a high-affinity site for thyroxine in the presence of excess fatty acid that is insensitive to FDH mutations. Structural basis of albumin-thyroxine interactions and familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia.,Petitpas I, Petersen CE, Ha CE, Bhattacharya AA, Zunszain PA, Ghuman J, Bhagavan NV, Curry S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 27;100(11):6440-5. Epub 2003 May 12. PMID:12743361[6] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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