25nx
A complex of PTH1R/Gs bound to a PTHrP analogue with three beta-amino acids
Structural highlights
DiseaseGNAS2_HUMAN Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism;Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A;Progressive osseous heteroplasia;Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia;Monostotic fibrous dysplasia;Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1C;Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B;McCune-Albright syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Most affected individuals have defects in methylation of the gene. In some cases microdeletions involving the STX16 appear to cause loss of methylation at exon A/B of GNAS, resulting in PHP1B. Paternal uniparental isodisomy have also been observed. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. FunctionGNAS2_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers in numerous signaling pathways controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (PubMed:17110384). Signaling involves the activation of adenylyl cyclases, resulting in increased levels of the signaling molecule cAMP (PubMed:26206488, PubMed:8702665). GNAS functions downstream of several GPCRs, including beta-adrenergic receptors (PubMed:21488135). Stimulates the Ras signaling pathway via RAPGEF2 (PubMed:12391161).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Publication Abstract from PubMedG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate information transfer to cells from the surrounding environment. In most cases, signaling is initiated or amplified when the receptor binds to an agonist, an event that alters the conformational profile of the receptor. Signal transduction results from interaction between the agonist-receptor complex and cytosolic partners such as G proteins, GPCR kinases (GRKs), and beta-arrestins. Changes in agonist structure can lead to "signal bias", i.e., changes in the relative strength of signaling involving different partners. Some GPCRs, including those activated by long peptide hormones, continue to signal after internalization. In these cases, changes in agonist structure can lead to changes in the relative extent of signaling from different sites, e.g., cell surface vs endosomes ("location bias"). Many GPCRs are targets of approved drugs or drug candidates, and tuning signal bias and/or location bias is widely considered to be important for optimizing therapeutic profiles. Here we report another mechanism of modulating outcome via agonist modification: alteration of intracellular trafficking. The synthetic peptide agonist designated SPT, which contains five beta-amino acid residues, was previously shown to activate the parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTH1R) and cause prolonged signaling in mice by an unknown mechanism. The SPT-PTH1R complex continues to stimulate cAMP production after internalization. We now find that the SPT-PTH1R complex impairs the sorting of early endosomes into recycling endosomes relative to the receptor complexed to the drug teriparatide. These findings suggest that altering intracellular GPCR trafficking patterns represents an unappreciated strategy for achieving prolonged action in vivo. Altered Intracellular Trafficking as a Mechanism for Prolonged Duration of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation.,Kim TW, Gerrard EJ, Shin J, Gardella TJ, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Cary BP, Gellman SH J Am Chem Soc. 2026 May 20. doi: 10.1021/jacs.6c02192. PMID:42159093[6] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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