2oal
RebH with bound FAD
Structural highlights
FunctionREBH_LENAE Involved in the biosynthesis of the indolocarbazole antitumor agent rebeccamycin. Catalyzes the chlorination of tryptophan (Trp) at C7 position to yield 7-chlorotryptophan. The reaction between FADH2, Cl-, and O2 generates the powerful oxidant HOCl, which is presumed to carry out the chlorination reaction. The reaction of HOCl with the active site Lys-79 generates a lysine chloramine, which plays a key role in directing regiospecific chlorination of substrate in this important class of biosynthetic enzymes. It is also able to use bromide ions to generate monobrominated Trp.[1] [2] [3] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe flavin-dependent halogenase RebH catalyzes the formation of 7-chlorotryptophan as the initial step in the biosynthesis of antitumor agent rebeccamycin. The reaction of FADH2, Cl-, and O2 in the active site generates the powerful oxidant HOCl, which was presumed to carry out the chlorination reaction. Herein, we demonstrate the formation of a long-lived chlorinating intermediate (t1/2 = 63 h at 4 degrees C) when RebH, FADH2, Cl-, and O2 react in the absence of substrate tryptophan. This intermediate remained on the enzyme after removal of FAD and transferred chlorine to tryptophan with kinetically competent rates. The identity of this intermediate is suggested by the X-ray crystal structure of RebH, which revealed an active site Lys79 located in a central position between flavin and tryptophan binding sites and just 4.1 A above C7 of tryptophan. The chlorinating species is proposed to be a Lys-epsilonNH-Cl (lysine chloramine) from reaction of enzyme-generated HOCl with the active site Lys79. This covalent enzyme chloramine likely plays a key role in directing regiospecific chlorination of substrate in this important class of biosynthetic enzymes. Chlorination by a long-lived intermediate in the mechanism of flavin-dependent halogenases.,Yeh E, Blasiak LC, Koglin A, Drennan CL, Walsh CT Biochemistry. 2007 Feb 6;46(5):1284-92. PMID:17260957[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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