2whv
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MOUSE CADHERIN-23 EC1-2 (ALL CATION BINDING SITES OCCUPIED BY CALCIUM)
Structural highlights
DiseaseCAD23_MOUSE Defects in Cdh23 are the cause of waltzer (v) phenotype. Waltzer mice are characterized by deafness and vestibular dysfunction due to degeneration of the neuroepithelium within the inner ear. FunctionCAD23_MOUSE Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells. CDH23 is required for establishing and/or maintaining the proper organization of the stereocilia bundle of hair cells in the cochlea and the vestibule during late embryonic/early postnatal development. It is part of the functional network formed by USH1C, USH1G, CDH23 and MYO7A that mediates mechanotransduction in cochlear hair cells. Required for normal hearing.[1] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe hair-cell tip link, a fine filament directly conveying force to mechanosensitive transduction channels, is composed of two proteins, protocadherin-15 and cadherin-23, whose mutation causes deafness. However, their molecular structure, elasticity, and deafness-related structural defects are unknown. We present crystal structures of the first and second extracellular cadherin repeats of cadherin-23. Overall, structures show typical cadherin folds, but reveal an elongated N terminus that precludes classical cadherin interactions and contributes to an N-terminal Ca(2+)-binding site. The deafness mutation D101G, in the linker region between the repeats, causes a slight bend between repeats and decreases Ca(2+) affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that cadherin-23 repeats are stiff and that either removing Ca(2+) or mutating Ca(2+)-binding residues reduces rigidity and unfolding strength. The structures define an uncharacterized cadherin family and, with simulations, suggest mechanisms underlying inherited deafness and how cadherin-23 may bind with itself and with protocadherin-15 to form the tip link. Structural determinants of cadherin-23 function in hearing and deafness.,Sotomayor M, Weihofen WA, Gaudet R, Corey DP Neuron. 2010 Apr 15;66(1):85-100. PMID:20399731[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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