3k70 is a 8 chain structure with sequence from Escherichia coli K-12. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
RECB_ECOLI A helicase/nuclease that prepares dsDNA breaks (DSB) for recombinational DNA repair. Binds to DSBs and unwinds DNA via a rapid (>1 kb/second) and highly processive (>30 kb) ATP-dependent bidirectional helicase. Unwinds dsDNA until it encounters a Chi (crossover hotspot instigator, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3') sequence from the 3' direction. Cuts ssDNA a few nucleotides 3' to Chi site, by nicking one strand or switching the strand degraded (depending on the reaction conditions). The properties and activities of the enzyme are changed at Chi. The Chi-altered holoenzyme produces a long 3'-ssDNA overhang which facilitates RecA-binding to the ssDNA for homologous DNA recombination and repair. Holoenzyme degrades any linearized DNA that is unable to undergo homologous recombination (PubMed:4562392, PubMed:4552016, PubMed:123277). In the holoenzyme this subunit contributes ATPase, 3'-5' helicase, exonuclease activity and loads RecA onto ssDNA. The RecBC complex requires the RecD subunit for nuclease activity, but can translocate along ssDNA in both directions.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The molecular mechanism of superfamily 1Balpha helicases remains unclear. We present here the crystal structure of the RecD2 helicase from Deinococcus radiodurans at 2.2-A resolution. The structure reveals the folds of the 1B and 2B domains of RecD that were poorly ordered in the structure of the Escherichia coli RecBCD enzyme complex reported previously. The 2B domain adopts an SH3 fold which, although common in eukaryotes, is extremely rare in bacterial systems. In addition, the D. radiodurans RecD2 structure has aided us in deciphering lower resolution (3.6 A) electron density maps for the E. coli RecBCD enzyme in complex with a long DNA substrate that interacts with the RecD subunit. Taken together, these structures indicated an important role for the 1B domain of RecD, a beta-hairpin that extends from the surface of the 1A domain and interacts with the DNA substrate. On the basis of these structural data, we designed a mutant RecD2 helicase that lacks this pin. The 'pin-less' mutant protein is a fully active ssDNA-dependent ATPase but totally lacks helicase activity.
DNA binding to RecD: role of the 1B domain in SF1B helicase activity.,Saikrishnan K, Griffiths SP, Cook N, Court R, Wigley DB EMBO J. 2008 Aug 20;27(16):2222-9. Epub 2008 Jul 31. PMID:18668125[23]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑Taylor AF, Smith GR. Regulation of homologous recombination: Chi inactivates RecBCD enzyme by disassembly of the three subunits. Genes Dev. 1999 Apr 1;13(7):890-900. PMID:10197988
↑Zhang XJ, Julin DA. Isolation and characterization of the C-terminal nuclease domain from the RecB protein of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 Nov 1;27(21):4200-7. PMID:10518611
↑Arnold DA, Kowalczykowski SC. Facilitated loading of RecA protein is essential to recombination by RecBCD enzyme. J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 21;275(16):12261-5. PMID:10766864
↑Benzinger R, Enquist LW, Skalka A. Transfection of Escherichia coli spheroplasts. V. Activity of recBC nuclease in rec+ and rec minus spheroplasts measured with different forms of bacteriophage DNA. J Virol. 1975 Apr;15(4):861-71. PMID:123277
↑Taylor AF, Smith GR. RecBCD enzyme is a DNA helicase with fast and slow motors of opposite polarity. Nature. 2003 Jun 19;423(6942):889-93. PMID:12815437 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01674
↑Taylor AF, Smith GR. RecBCD enzyme is altered upon cutting DNA at a chi recombination hotspot. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 15;89(12):5226-30. PMID:1535156
↑Dillingham MS, Webb MR, Kowalczykowski SC. Bipolar DNA translocation contributes to highly processive DNA unwinding by RecBCD enzyme. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 4;280(44):37069-77. Epub 2005 Jul 22. PMID:16041061 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M505520200
↑Masterson C, Boehmer PE, McDonald F, Chaudhuri S, Hickson ID, Emmerson PT. Reconstitution of the activities of the RecBCD holoenzyme of Escherichia coli from the purified subunits. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 5;267(19):13564-72. PMID:1618858
↑Sun JZ, Julin DA, Hu JS. The nuclease domain of the Escherichia coli RecBCD enzyme catalyzes degradation of linear and circular single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. Biochemistry. 2006 Jan 10;45(1):131-40. PMID:16388588 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi051150v
↑Amundsen SK, Taylor AF, Reddy M, Smith GR. Intersubunit signaling in RecBCD enzyme, a complex protein machine regulated by Chi hot spots. Genes Dev. 2007 Dec 15;21(24):3296-307. PMID:18079176 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1605807
↑Wu CG, Bradford C, Lohman TM. Escherichia coli RecBC helicase has two translocase activities controlled by a single ATPase motor. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Oct;17(10):1210-7. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.1901. Epub 2010, Sep 19. PMID:20852646 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1901
↑Liu B, Baskin RJ, Kowalczykowski SC. DNA unwinding heterogeneity by RecBCD results from static molecules able to equilibrate. Nature. 2013 Aug 22;500(7463):482-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12333. Epub 2013 Jul 14. PMID:23851395 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12333
↑Taylor AF, Amundsen SK, Guttman M, Lee KK, Luo J, Ranish J, Smith GR. Control of RecBCD enzyme activity by DNA binding- and Chi hotspot-dependent conformational changes. J Mol Biol. 2014 Oct 23;426(21):3479-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.07.017. Epub, 2014 Jul 27. PMID:25073102 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2014.07.017
↑Karu AE, MacKay V, Goldmark PJ, Linn S. The recBC deoxyribonuclease of Escherichia coli K-12. Substrate specificity and reaction intermediates. J Biol Chem. 1973 Jul 25;248(14):4874-84. PMID:4268693
↑Goldmark PJ, Linn S. Purification and properties of the recBC DNase of Escherichia coli K-12. J Biol Chem. 1972 Mar 25;247(6):1849-60. PMID:4552016
↑Simmon VF, Lederberg S. Degradation of bacteriophage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid after restriction by Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1972 Oct;112(1):161-9. PMID:4562392
↑Dixon DA, Kowalczykowski SC. Role of the Escherichia coli recombination hotspot, chi, in RecABCD-dependent homologous pairing. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 7;270(27):16360-70. PMID:7608206
↑Bianco PR, Kowalczykowski SC. The recombination hotspot Chi is recognized by the translocating RecBCD enzyme as the single strand of DNA containing the sequence 5'-GCTGGTGG-3'. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 24;94(13):6706-11. PMID:9192629
↑Anderson DG, Kowalczykowski SC. The translocating RecBCD enzyme stimulates recombination by directing RecA protein onto ssDNA in a chi-regulated manner. Cell. 1997 Jul 11;90(1):77-86. PMID:9230304
↑Yu M, Souaya J, Julin DA. The 30-kDa C-terminal domain of the RecB protein is critical for the nuclease activity, but not the helicase activity, of the RecBCD enzyme from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 3;95(3):981-6. PMID:9448271
↑Yu M, Souaya J, Julin DA. Identification of the nuclease active site in the multifunctional RecBCD enzyme by creation of a chimeric enzyme. J Mol Biol. 1998 Nov 6;283(4):797-808. PMID:9790841 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1998.2127
↑Saikrishnan K, Griffiths SP, Cook N, Court R, Wigley DB. DNA binding to RecD: role of the 1B domain in SF1B helicase activity. EMBO J. 2008 Aug 20;27(16):2222-9. Epub 2008 Jul 31. PMID:18668125 doi:10.1038/emboj.2008.144
