VDR_HUMAN Defects in VDR are the cause of rickets vitamin D-dependent type 2A (VDDR2A) [MIM:277440. A disorder of vitamin D metabolism resulting in severe rickets, hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Most patients have total alopecia in addition to rickets.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Function
VDR_HUMAN Nuclear hormone receptor. Transcription factor that mediates the action of vitamin D3 by controlling the expression of hormone sensitive genes. Regulates transcription of hormone sensitive genes via its association with the WINAC complex, a chromatin-remodeling complex. Recruited to promoters via its interaction with the WINAC complex subunit BAZ1B/WSTF, which mediates the interaction with acetylated histones, an essential step for VDR-promoter association. Plays a central role in calcium homeostasis.[11][12][13][14]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
In the nuclear receptor of vitamin D (VDR) histidine 305 participates to the anchoring of the ligand. The VDR H305Q mutation was identified in a patient who exhibited the hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR). We report the crystal structure of human VDR H305Q-ligand binding domain bound to 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 solved at 1.8A resolution. The protein adopts the active conformation of the wild-type liganded VDR. A local conformational flexibility at the mutation site weakens the hydrogen bond between the 25-OH with Gln305, thus explaining the lower affinity of the mutant proteins for calcitriol. The structure provides the basis for a rational approach to the design of more potent ligands for the treatment of HVDRR.
Crystal structure of hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets--associated mutant H305Q of vitamin D nuclear receptor bound to its natural ligand.,Rochel N, Hourai S, Moras D J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jul;121(1-2):84-7. Epub 2010 Apr 18. PMID:20403435[15]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑Hughes MR, Malloy PJ, Kieback DG, Kesterson RA, Pike JW, Feldman D, O'Malley BW. Point mutations in the human vitamin D receptor gene associated with hypocalcemic rickets. Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1702-5. PMID:2849209
↑Yagi H, Ozono K, Miyake H, Nagashima K, Kuroume T, Pike JW. A new point mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor in a kindred with hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Feb;76(2):509-12. PMID:8381803
↑Saijo T, Ito M, Takeda E, Huq AH, Naito E, Yokota I, Sone T, Pike JW, Kuroda Y. A unique mutation in the vitamin D receptor gene in three Japanese patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets type II: utility of single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for heterozygous carrier detection. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Sep;49(3):668-73. PMID:1652893
↑Sone T, Marx SJ, Liberman UA, Pike JW. A unique point mutation in the human vitamin D receptor chromosomal gene confers hereditary resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Apr;4(4):623-31. PMID:2177843
↑Malloy PJ, Weisman Y, Feldman D. Hereditary 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets resulting from a mutation in the vitamin D receptor deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Feb;78(2):313-6. PMID:8106618
↑Kristjansson K, Rut AR, Hewison M, O'Riordan JL, Hughes MR. Two mutations in the hormone binding domain of the vitamin D receptor cause tissue resistance to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Clin Invest. 1993 Jul;92(1):12-6. PMID:8392085 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI116539
↑Rut AR, Hewison M, Kristjansson K, Luisi B, Hughes MR, O'Riordan JL. Two mutations causing vitamin D resistant rickets: modelling on the basis of steroid hormone receptor DNA-binding domain crystal structures. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994 Nov;41(5):581-90. PMID:7828346
↑Lin NU, Malloy PJ, Sakati N, al-Ashwal A, Feldman D. A novel mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor causes hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Jul;81(7):2564-9. PMID:8675579
↑Whitfield GK, Selznick SH, Haussler CA, Hsieh JC, Galligan MA, Jurutka PW, Thompson PD, Lee SM, Zerwekh JE, Haussler MR. Vitamin D receptors from patients with resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: point mutations confer reduced transactivation in response to ligand and impaired interaction with the retinoid X receptor heterodimeric partner. Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Dec;10(12):1617-31. PMID:8961271
↑Malloy PJ, Eccleshall TR, Gross C, Van Maldergem L, Bouillon R, Feldman D. Hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets caused by a novel mutation in the vitamin D receptor that results in decreased affinity for hormone and cellular hyporesponsiveness. J Clin Invest. 1997 Jan 15;99(2):297-304. PMID:9005998 doi:10.1172/JCI119158
↑Fujiki R, Kim MS, Sasaki Y, Yoshimura K, Kitagawa H, Kato S. Ligand-induced transrepression by VDR through association of WSTF with acetylated histones. EMBO J. 2005 Nov 16;24(22):3881-94. Epub 2005 Oct 27. PMID:16252006 doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600853
↑Rochel N, Wurtz JM, Mitschler A, Klaholz B, Moras D. The crystal structure of the nuclear receptor for vitamin D bound to its natural ligand. Mol Cell. 2000 Jan;5(1):173-9. PMID:10678179
↑Eelen G, Verlinden L, Rochel N, Claessens F, De Clercq P, Vandewalle M, Tocchini-Valentini G, Moras D, Bouillon R, Verstuyf A. Superagonistic action of 14-epi-analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D explained by vitamin D receptor-coactivator interaction. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 May;67(5):1566-73. Epub 2005 Feb 22. PMID:15728261 doi:10.1124/mol.104.008730
↑Hourai S, Fujishima T, Kittaka A, Suhara Y, Takayama H, Rochel N, Moras D. Probing a water channel near the A-ring of receptor-bound 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with selected 2 alpha-substituted analogues. J Med Chem. 2006 Aug 24;49(17):5199-205. PMID:16913708 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm0604070
↑Rochel N, Hourai S, Moras D. Crystal structure of hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets--associated mutant H305Q of vitamin D nuclear receptor bound to its natural ligand. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jul;121(1-2):84-7. Epub 2010 Apr 18. PMID:20403435 doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.04.008
