3pua
PHF2 Jumonji-NOG-Ni(II)
Structural highlights
FunctionPHF2_HUMAN Lysine demethylase that demethylates both histones and non-histone proteins. Enzymatically inactive by itself, and becomes active following phosphorylation by PKA: forms a complex with ARID5B and mediates demethylation of methylated ARID5B. Demethylation of ARID5B leads to target the PHF2-ARID5B complex to target promoters, where PHF2 mediates demethylation of dimethylated 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me2), followed by transcription activation of target genes. The PHF2-ARID5B complex acts as a coactivator of HNF4A in liver. PHF2 is recruited to trimethylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3) at rDNA promoters and promotes expression of rDNA.[1] [2] [3] Publication Abstract from PubMedPHF2 belongs to a class of alpha-ketoglutarate-Fe(2)(+)-dependent dioxygenases. PHF2 harbors a plant homeodomain (PHD) and a Jumonji domain. PHF2, via its PHD, binds Lys4-trimethylated histone 3 in submicromolar affinity and has been reported to have the demethylase activity of monomethylated lysine 9 of histone 3 in vivo. However, we did not detect demethylase activity for PHF2 Jumonji domain (with and without its linked PHD) in the context of histone peptides. We determined the crystal structures of PHF2 Jumonji domain in the absence and presence of additional exogenous metal ions. When Fe(2+) or Ni(2+) was added at a high concentration (50 mM) and allowed to soak in the preformed crystals, Fe(2+) or Ni(2+) was bound by six ligands in an octahedral coordination. The side chains of H249 and D251 and the two oxygen atoms of N-oxalylglycine (an analog of alpha-ketoglutarate) provide four coordinations in the equatorial plane, while the hydroxyl oxygen atom of Y321 and one water molecule provide the two axial coordinations as the fifth and sixth ligands, respectively. The metal binding site in PHF2 closely resembles the Fe(2+) sites in other Jumonji domains examined, with one important difference-a tyrosine (Y321 of PHF2) replaces histidine as the fifth ligand. However, neither Y321H mutation nor high metal concentration renders PHF2 an active demethylase on histone peptides. Wild type and Y321H mutant bind Ni(2+) with an approximately equal affinity of 50 muM. We propose that there must be other regulatory factors required for the enzymatic activity of PHF2 in vivo or that perhaps PHF2 acts on non-histone substrates. Furthermore, PHF2 shares significant sequence homology throughout the entire region, including the above-mentioned tyrosine at the corresponding iron-binding position, with that of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Epe1, which plays an essential role in heterochromatin function but has no known enzymatic activity. Structural Basis for Human PHF2 Jumonji Domain Interaction with Metal Ions.,Horton JR, Upadhyay AK, Hashimoto H, Zhang X, Cheng X J Mol Biol. 2010 Dec 15. PMID:21167174[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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